The soil of landfill liners was derived mainly from nearby area. There was a close correlation between the antipollution capacity of liners and soil permeability. The standard consolidation experiment was carried out on the sieved soil with six particle size ranges at different depths near the typical red-layer landfill in Sichuan Province， so as to study the fundamental physical parameters and the trend of changes in saturated density and permeability coefficient. According to the experimental results， the saturated density of red-layer sieved soil（ρsat） ranged from 0.13 to 0.25 g/cm3 at the early consolidation stage （P≤800 kPa）， and it was from 0.11 to 0.18 g/cm3 at the later stage （800 kPa＜P＜3 200 kPa）， both showed a trend of logarithmical increase. Besides， there was a significant linear negative correlation between the ρsat and the void ratio e （r>0.99）. The consolidation of sieved soil in the red layer was mainly concentrated in the vertical pressure range from 12.5 to 800 kPa. When the vertical pressure exceeded 800 kPa， the sieved silty clay in the red layer was applicable as the soil-protecting layer in the impervious system of landfill. Meanwhile， based on the existed seepage model（lgkv-lge）， two types of linear and nonlinear fitting seepage models（lgkv-lgρsat） were constructed for the red-layer soil with different particle sizes. It was expected to provide a theoretical guidance on site selection of construction projects such as landfills in the red layer areas， as well as the pollution assessment and remediation of groundwater in China.

In order to explore feasible technology for in situ reduction of secondary pollutants such as leachate and landfill gas from domestic waste landfills in arid and cold regions. The semi-aerobic landfill project demonstration was built in a landfill in the northwest region, with engineering measures of leachate recharge, as well as active negative pressure collection of landfill gas and biological cover filtration treatment. At the same time, traditional anaerobic landfill was constructed as the control group. The design scale of the demonstration landfill was 20 t/d, with a total of 188 days of operation and a total landfill volume of 3 849.84 tons. The results of the 18 samplers indicated that the average oxygen concentration was 6.7%. In this project and in anaerobic landfill in control group, the ratios of CODCr concentration of leachate were 1.79 and 0.41, the ratios of TN were 2.61 and 0.93, respectively, at the initial stage of landfill and the end of the operation period. The average methane concentration was 20.11% in each gas guide well during landfill operations, while it was 31.96% after 21 weeks when landfill was over, 18.25% with the blower collected gas, and decreased to 3.43% after biofiltration. The above showed that semi-aerobic environment had been formed with the design of the ventilation channel of the landfill body of the gas guide well, drainage pipe and gas guide well, which could be used in the domestic waste landfill in arid and cold regions, and it had the effect of reducing the environmental load of leachate and landfill gas in situ.

Due to the inaccurate of the Kriging interpolation, it was difficult to accurately investigate and describe the scope of groundwater pollution under the condition of heterogeneous and low permeability geological. In order to explore methods to improve the accuracy of describing the scope of groundwater pollution and save construction costs, a groundwater pollution site in Shanghai was taken as the research object. The influence of mesh density of 40 m×40 m and 20 m×20 m on groundwater pollution range simulated by Kriging method and restoration project cost were analyzed, at the same time,the groundwater pollution range was determined by means of formation analysis combined with pit excavation,and the difference of pollution range was compared. The results showed that compared with the 40 m×40 m grid density, the amount of pollution groundwater simulated by interpolation was reduced by 57.0% when the sampling density was 20 m×20 m, and the cost of remediation engineering could be saved much greater than the increased cost of monitoring and investigation. Combined with stratum analysis and site pollution characteristics, pit excavation method were adopted in a concerted way to determine the actual pollution area of groundwater, the area of pollution decreased by 45.6% and the groundwater pollution volume decreased by 97.7% compared with the Kriging method(grid density of 20 m×20 m). By improving the density of the survey grid and combining it with the hydrogeological conditions and pit excavation which would facilitate the accurate description of groundwater treatment range.

With the gradual promotion of domestic waste classification in China， the separation rate of kitchen waste and recyclable materials in domestic waste were gradually increasing. However， the amount and rate of proper disposal of hazardous waste remained relatively low. Focused on the classification and recycling of hazardous waste， the characteristics of the mass ratio and main components of hazardous waste in source domestic waste of China were introduced by means of literature research， field research and questionnaire survey.The current status of hazardous waste classification， recycling and treatment in China were summarized. The main existed problems in the promotion of hazardous waste classification and recycling were analyzed，the countermeasures and suggestions were put forward. The study could provide basic reference and support for further promotion of the hazardous waste classification and the increase of proper disposal rate， which could contribute to in-depth development of domestic waste classification in China.

Relying on Liyang Tianshan municipal solid waste（MSW）disposal project of Sinoma-Environment， the raw materials was organic waste that mechanically separated from MSW， and a pilot test was carried out with the organic waste heavy component separation and pulping machine， and the influence of different operating parameters on the operation effect of the equipment was analyzed. The results showed that the equipment could realize the separation of heavy component from organic refuse， and the accepts could meet the technical requirements of CSTR. Through comparative tests， it was found that the best operating parameters were feeding TS of 8%～10%， rotation speed of 150 r/min， backwash water flow of 20 L/s. Under these operating parameters， a good separation of the heavy component could be achieved. Most of the heavy component separated from the waste were not broken， with the organic matter content less than 5% and the moisture content less than 5%， which could be used for subgrade， landfill or raw materials used for cement production. When the pulping time was less than five minutes， the TS in the organic slurry was 4%～6%，VS/TS was more than 60%， and the COD was more than 100 000 mg/L， which met the feed requirements of CSTR anaerobic reactor. The inorganic content of light slag was less than 10%， after dehydration， the calorific value was 8 372~10 465 kJ/kg， which could disposed into the incinerator.

The character of mineralized aged refuse in a landfill in southwest was researched. The separation experiments of mineralized aged refuse from different landfill depths of five to thirty meters and landfill age of four to twenty-six years was carried out. It was concluded that with the increase of landfill age, the kitchen waste organic matter had been completely decomposed, the overall calorific value of stale waste decreased, the proportion of humus soil with rich microbial community increased, and the calorific value of material on the sieve with particle size greater than or equal to 40 mm was the highest. According to the characteristics of different components of the mineralized stale waste after separation, combined with the actual situation of the landfill, the combined separation process of two-stage screening, gravity separation and magnetic separation was proposed. And the best combination method of resource utilization of different materials after separation was suggested.

Demographic factors， economic development level， residents’ consumption level and urban construction were selected as the factors affecting the MSW production in Shanghai， and the data of MSW production and various influencing factors from 2011 to 2020 were adopted. Through grey correlation analysis， it was concluded that the number of tourists from foreign provinces and cities to Shanghai， per capita disposable income and per capita consumption expenditure were the main influencing factors of MSW production in Shanghai. The GM （1，1） model was established to predict the MSW production in Shanghai. Under the impact of waste classification， The MSW production in Shanghai in 2022 and 2023 were predicted to be 9.723×106 t and 1.012×107 t respectively， which provided scientific guidance for the reduction and total amount control of MSW in Shanghai.

Biodegradable plastics have a promising application as an alternative to traditional petroleum-based plastics. Since biodegradable plastics were often used as food packaging materials, they tend to enter the system of anaerobic digestion along with the organic fraction of municipal solid wastes, which posed a challenge to organic waste management. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and starch-based plastics degraded faster under anaerobic conditions among wide variety of biodegradable plastics. The remaining types of biodegradable plastics were difficult to be effectively degraded under the biogas plants’ typical hydrophilic residence time (15~30 days). In addition to the physicochemical properties of the plastic, external factors such as temperature, pH and microorganisms also had important effects on the anaerobic degradation rate of plastics. The common biodegradable plastic types and their applications, the anaerobic degradability and the factors influencing the biodegradability were reviewed. Also the technologies represented by the pre-treatment for enhancing the anaerobic biodegradability were summarized. Finally，the research direction on the anaerobic degradation of biodegradable plastics was prospected.

With the implementation of waste classification in the country， a large amount of kitchen waste had been generated， and new terminal facilities need to be established to make use of it. Eco-mechanical Biological Treatment(EMBT) is a technology that could maximize the utilization of organic resources in domestic waste. The biological hydrolysis reactor is the core unit of EMBT technology， which could efficiently convert different types of organic matter from solid to liquid phase. The organic slurry obtained by extrusion could be used in efficient wet anaerobic reactors. The slurry after hydrolysis and acidification had higher gas production rate， which could shorten the residence time of anaerobic reactor and improve its stability. Through pilot scale experiment， the change laws of kitchen waste reduction rate， chemical oxygen demandof slurry under different retention time， stirring rate and temperature conditions were compared. Compared with the parameters of direct extrusion， it was found that the best result was that under the residence time of two days， the reduction rate of kitchen waste could reach 64%， the total amount of COD conversion could reach more than 247 kg/t，the slurry could be produced after biological hydrolysis， and the gas yield of volatile solid could reach 877.6 mL/g， which was superior to the reduction rate corresponding to the direct extrusion of kitchen waste and the parameters of the generated slurry.

The effect of raw materials ratio on the combined anaerobic digestion of food waste and corn straw was studied in a mixture system， with food waste and corn stalks as the digestion raw materials and mature landfill leachate as the digestion medium. The buffer effect of the addition of corn straw on acid inhibition in combined anaerobic digestion system was discussed. The experimental results showed that in the combined anaerobic digestion group of mixture system， the experimental group with a total solid mass ratio of food waste and corn stalks of 1∶3 had the best gas production， the biogas production rate reached 0.35 L/g. The addition of corn stalks increased the gas production and biogas production rate by 98% and 68%， respectively. The results of monitoring the pH and VFA concentrations in the digested effluent showed that the addition of corn straw could alleviate the acid inhibition during the combined anaerobic digestion， and improve the buffering and stability of the anaerobic digestion system of the mixture system. At the same time， the detection results of BOD5 and COD in the digestive fluid of the mixture system indicated that the combined anaerobic digestion could improve the biodegradability of the digestive fluid. Therefore， the addition of corn straw to the mixture system of food waste and leachate could effectively improve the gas production rate and biodegradation efficiency of anaerobic digestion of food waste.

The investigation of a pilot-scale AnMBR for the treatment of food waste slurry from a food waste treatment plant in Shanghai was carried out. Primarily focused on the impact of cross-flow velocity on membrane flux during AnMBR treatment. The findings indicated a strong correlation between the cross-flow velocity and the membrane flux of AnMBR. The AnMBR subcritical flux for the biogas slurry was 18.48 L/（m2·h） under the experimental cross-flow velocity， and the corresponding membrane filtration resistance R was 2.53×1012 m-1， which was 1.12 times that of water. According to the modified inertia lift model， the average radius （a） of the suspended biogas slurry pollutant particles and the membrane flux correction value（b） were （4.375±0.032） μm and （3.172±0.198）L/（m2·h）， respectively， which were determined by fitting the AnMBR biogas slurry membrane flux with the modified model at various cross flow velocities.

The advancement of waste classification and co-processing of industrial organic solid waste had gradually increased the lower heat value（LHV） of waste， which in turn would affect the application effect of exhaust gas recirculation（EGR） technology in waste incinerators. The influences of waste LHV on the EGR system of waste incinerators through theoretical calculations， numerical simulations and engineering test methods were analyzed. The results showed that when the waste LHV was higher than 7 953 kJ/kg， the best effect was to control the proportion of EGR at 15%～20%， which could reduce the furnace temperature about 50 ℃， reduce the coking of the furnace and improve the operation stability. EGR coupled with low air ratio combustion technology could improve the boiler efficiency， and the improvement effect was more obvious with higher waste LHV. At the same time， EGR could effectively reduce the source strength of NOx in the incinerator， and the NOx could be controlled below 100 mg/m3 （11% O2， dry basis） at the outlet of boiler. To achieve high-efficiency and clean combustion with low NOx source strength in the incinerator.

In the deacidification of MSW incineration flue gas， it was difficult to control the pH of subsequent fly ash by controlling the amount of injection calcium deacidifying agent. So the feasibility of using mixed deacidifying agent substitute calcium deacidifying agent in the deacidification of MSW incineration flue gas was expounded. The deacidification effects of mixed deacidifying agent， impact on the pH of simulated fly ash leaching solution， impact on the heavy metals leaching concentration of fly ash， impact on the deacidification process， as well as the material cost were analyzed respectively. The results showed that in the process of deacidification of flue gas， when the mass ratio of hydrated lime and buffering agent were 1∶1， 2∶1， 3∶1 and 4∶1， by changing the adding amount of mixed deacidifying agent，good deacidification effect could be achieved and the components of fly ash could be controlled from the source， which made the pH of fly ash leaching solution to be slightly alkaline. In this way， the heavy metals leaching concentration of fly ash was reduced and the subsequent stabilization disposal cost of fly ash was reduced.

Biochar was prepared by pyrolysis of waste activated sludge （WAS） from sewage treatment plants. The sludge based biochar （SBC） was utilized to activate peroxymonosulfate （PMS） to treat the WAS， so as to enhance sludge lysis. The physicochemical properties of SBC surface were characterized by scanning electron microscopy， specific surface area and pore size analyzer and EDS. The effects of dosing ratio and dosing amount of SBC and PMS on sludge lysis were investigated， and the mechanism of enhanced lysis was elucidated. The results showed that there were many activation sites of carbonyl catalyzing PMS on the surface of SBC， and the iron element in SBC could catalyze the PMS decomposition to produce [SO-4]·， which had the potential to activate PMS in activating PMS. The combination of SBC and PMS showed a synergistic effect on promoting sludge lysis with a synergistic factor of 1.4. Compared with untreated， SBC alone and PMS alone under the optimal conditions （0.23 g SBC + 0.49 g PMS）， the combined SBC and PMS treatment improved the soluble chemical oxygen demand （SCOD） of sludge by 296%， 280% and 121% ， respectively， compared with the blank， mono-SBC， and mono-PMS treatment. By combining PMS with SBC， the generation of active particles such as [SO-4]·， ·OH and 1O2 were significantly increased， thus promoting the sludge lysis. The results could provide a reference for effectively improving the WAS cytolysis efficiency， realize sludge reduction and facilitate the subsequent disposal efficiency of WAS.

Aiming at the problems of high investment and operation cost， large area occupied， and difficulty in making profits in the food waste treatment project， a co-processing mode of food waste in the eco-industrial park was proposed in this study. The food waste treatment project relied on the construction of municipal solid waste incineration plant and adopts the “pretreatment + co-processing” process to realize the collaborative treatment with the municipal solid waste incineration plant. A food waste co-processing project in an eco-industrial park in Shandong was taken as an example， the food waste pre-treatment process with “material receiving + sorting + pulping + sand removal and impurity removal + three-phase oil extraction” as the main body was introduced. The operating data was analyzed， the operating economics and carbon emission reductions of the two processes of co-processing and independent anaerobic were compared. The results showed that the pre-treatment process of the project was stable. During the operation， the equipment production capacity could reach about 11 t/h， the average yields of grease， residue and slurry were 2.87%， 36.56%， and 74.40% respectively. The waste consumption per ton of water， electricity， and steam basically met the design requirements， and the average consumption were 0.09 t， 18.93 kWh， and 0.06 t respectively. The 100 t/d food waste co-processing had obvious advantages over independent anaerobic treatment， the operating cost could be saved by 36.30%. Compared with the independent anaerobic treatment， co-processing saved about 237.17 MWh/a of electricity， and the equivalent carbon emission reduction could reach about 168.84 tCO2e/a. The co-processing mode of food waste in the eco-industrial park could be used as the recommended optimal solution for subsequent food waste treatment projects.

The variation rule of bacteria and pathogenic bacteria on the surface of kitchen waste sorting equipments with temperature and the bactericidal effect were studied. The total number of bacterial colonies， pathogenic bacteria and bactericidal effect on the surface of equipment before and after spraying fungicide were sampled by plate counting method and pathogenic bacteria screening tablet respectively for six months. The results showed that the total number of bacteria colonies and pathogenic microorganism species on the surface of kitchen waste sorting equipments were highly correlated with outside temperature. In September with the highest temperature and November with the lowest temperature， the total number of bacteria colonies on the surface of the kitchen waste sorting equipments were 2.4×106 and 3.6×104 cfu/cm2 respectively. Four different pathogens were detected on the surface of five different kinds of kitchen waste sorting equipments， and the total detection rates of Staphylococcus aureus and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli were 60% and 37%， respectively. After spraying fungicide on the surface of kitchen waste sorting equipments， the bactericidal effect of 99.77% could be reached after ten minutes.

The full quantization treatment of leachate membrane concentrate in waste incineration power plants is of great significance to the environmental benefits， economic benefits and social benefits of waste incineration power plants. A waste incineration power plant was taken as an example， the full treatment process of leachate membrane concentrate was calculated and analyzed. The result showed that a refined combination of methods including reducing concentrate by membrane， spraying back into the incinerator， and submerged combustion evaporation technology could achieve low energy consumption and zero discharge of leachate membrane concentrates， and the goal of zero discharge of liquid， solid and gas could be achieved at the same time.