The statistical difference between the amount of recycled resources and the amount of collected waste in statistical caliber had caused difficulties in assessing the performance of waste separation. The mega-city Shenzhen was taken as an example， conducted a stratified sampling survey on the renewable resources recovery points. Through field survey and account checking of 170 recycling points， it was estimated that the recycling amount of renewable resources in Shenzhen was 2.707×106 t/a. The category of recycled renewable resources presented the market selection phenomenon of “grab the big profit and not collect the small profit”. The recycling points in Shenzhen were mainly located outside the original boundary of specific area. The area of recycling points and the resident population were the key factors that limited the amount of renewable resources. By comparing with the national and domestic first tier cities， it was confirmed that the indistinguishable sources of renewable resources recovery were the important reasons for the difference in the statistical caliber of the so-called “two networks”. The per capita recycling amount of renewable resources，the recycling amount per unit area of recycling points and other supporting indicators were proposed for improving the evaluation index system of waste classification and integration of “two networks”.

China is a large country of coal resource mining， a large amount of coal-based solid waste was produced in the process of coal production and processing， which had caused serious damage to land resources and ecological environment in mining areas， and had become a major strategic issue that restricted the ecological restoration of mines. At present， the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue in China was characterized by large reserves， low comprehensive utilization rate and uneven spatial distribution， and the capacity of comprehensive utilization of coal gangue could hardly meet the national requirements for ecological environmental protection. Therefore， based on the main source and physical and chemical properties of coal gangue， the current situation of coal gangue discharge and comprehensive utilization were analyzed， the technical applications of coal gangue in the field of mine ecological restoration were described， and the problems of comprehensive utilization of coal gangue in China were analyzed at the same time. The future development direction of combining the ecological restoration of “filling and mining， cave-in area backfill， land reclamation and rehabilitation， ground foundation” and other resource utilization paths of “coal gangue power generation， construction materials， chemical products， valuable elements extraction” were put forward

In order to explore the feasibility of replacing part of the food waste aerobic composting conditioner with compost returns， a pilot-scale two-step composting process combined DANO dynamic composting and static composting was used to carry out the experiment. Sawdust and rice straw were mixed with recycled materials respectively， and the effects of different proportions （0%，10%， 20% and 30%） of recycled materials （marked as M1， MH1-1， MH1-2， MH1-3， D1， DH2-1， DH2-2 and DH2-3） on aerobic composting were analyzed. The results showed that DANO could make the compost temperature rise rapidly， and the addition of recycled material could promote the temperature rise. Seven batches of DANO could maintain the compost temperature above 55 ℃ for more than twelve days. The greater the amount of recycled material added， the lower the easily degradable organic matter， and the slower the degradation rate. The average C/N reduction rates of sawdust and straw were 5.42% and 40.31%， respectively. The addition of recycled materials could reduce the biological toxicity of the pile（The GI of eight batches were 48.35%， 66.23%， 54.78%， 52.43%， 71.89%， 80.89%， 73.12% and 66.86%）， improve the maturity， and thus increased the GI. When the initial C/N， the amount of recycled material and the initial moisture content were controlled at 19∶1～24∶1， 10%～20% and 55%～60%， respectively， the core technical indicators of the two-step composting product met the requirements of NY/T 525—2021 Organic Fertilizer.

To solve the problem of low resourcelization rate of kitchen waste residue of the wet-type waste treatment plant and asparagus straw in Shanghai, a batch-scale experimental study on dry anaerobic co-digestion of kitchen waste residue and asparagus straw were carried out. The results showed that when the organic loading rates was set for 40 g/L (calculated in VS) and the C/N was 10.3, 13.4, 16.5, 19.6, 22.7, respectively, the highest maximum specific methanogenic activity (SMA) reached 18.01 mL/(g·d) (calculated in VS) when the C/N was 13.4, and the asparagus straw accounted for the dry mass ratio of the whole feedstock was 44.44%. The results of microbial community structure analysis showed that the main bacteria on the genus level in each experimental group were norank_ f_norank_o_n-orank_c_norank_ p_Firmicutes, norank_ f_ST-12K33, Fastidiosipila, norank_ f_Dethiobacteracea-e, etc. The main archaea on genus level were Methanobacterium and Methanosaeta, and the abundance of hydrogen-type methanogens (Metha-nobacterium) in the kitchen waste mono-digestion experimental group with a C/N of 10.3 was significantly lower than that of other dry anaerobic co-digestion experimental groups.

The kitchen waste from composting treatment facilities in Beijing was tested and analyzed. The results showed that the water content of kitchen waste was 79.19%～83.36%， the organic matter content was 89.62%～96.22%， the total nitrogen content was 1.16%～1.42%， the total phosphorus content was 2.36%～2.94%， the total potassium content was 1.03%～1.30%， the total nutrient content was 4.97%～5.65%， the pH was 4.20～5.30， and the content of heavy metals was low， so the kitchen waste could be used as aerobic compost material. The quality of the products obtained by compost was tested by sampling， showed the average water content of compost products was 19.35%， the average organic matter content was 73.34%， the average total nitrogen content was 2.66%， the average total phosphorus content was 0.67%， the average total potassium content was 0.85%， the average total nutrient content was 4.17%， and the average pH was 6.44. The single factor content of heavy metal pollutants was Cr>Pb>As>Cd>Hg， and the average germination index of plant seeds was 0.74， all indicators meet the limit requirements of the NY/T 525—2021 Organic Fertilizer. The quality of composting products was qualified， and could be used to improve soil fertility.

A large amount of dehydrated biogas residue was produced from dry anaerobic fermentation project of food waste in China， and could not be directly used for soil resource utilization before being rotten further. So far there was lack of targeted ventilation and heating strategy research on rapid decay， and a lack of whole-plant thermal accounting. For this purpose， centrifugal dehydrated biogas residue produced from dry anaerobic engineering of food waste was used to study the ventilation and heating strategy for rapid decay. And the feasibility of applying thermal equilibrium for rapid decay engineering was analyzed. The results showed that after adding 25% rice straw auxiliary materials， adopting ventilation volume of 0.05 m3/（min·m3）， using ventilation strategy of aeration for five minutes every thirty minutes， utilizing heating strategy of 55 ℃ throughout and replenishing water strategy of maintaining water content higher than 40%， it could be completely decayed in sixteen days. And the demand heat could be completely originated from waste heat of biogas power generation.

In view of the characteristics of regional dispersion and the small amount of food waste of expressway service area， a set of intelligent integrated treatment equipment for food waste with high efficiency， environmental protection， green energy saving and high quality output was developed and demonstrated in an expressway service area in this study. The technology adopted the concept of green circulation， integrated microbial equipment and cloud platform management， and organic fertilizer substrate and crude oil were produced， the reduction rate was more than 85%， the running cost was about 130 RMB/t. The economic added value of the scale product was about 40 RMB/t. The successful demonstration of this technology could effectively dispose of 182.5 t of food waste in service zones of expressways annually， the harmless treatment and resource utilization of on-site food waste were realized， and could also replicated and made popular in the domestic food waste treatment market， which was dispersed and difficult to treat centrally.

Automatic combustion control （ACC） system， as a core control technology of automatic combustion in waste incineration plants， plays a pivotal role in the stable operation of incinerator. A large MSW incineration power generation project was taken as an example， mainly introduced the effect of introducing Hitachi Von-roll grate ACC system on the operation of incinerator after it was put into operation. The single incinerator of the project has the processing capacity of 750 t/d. The analysis results showed that after ACC was put into operation， the actual deviation rate of main steam evaporation was between 0.90% and 1.80%， far lower than the target deviation rate of 8%. The main steam evaporation fluctuation rate was between 4.76% and 6.41%， lower than 9.05%， when the technology was not running. The stability of incineration system was improved and the maximum mean value of smoke temperature of the high temperature superheater was about 20 ℃， lower than that of the technology without operation. The ACC technology created favorable operation conditions for the anti-corrosion of waste heat boiler and provided support for the stable operation of the whole production line.

A numerical simulation model of co-processing oil sludge in pulverized coal boiler was constructed based on the Euler-Lagrange model, the kinetic analysis of the volatilization of oil sludge was carried out. A 300 MW boiler of a coal-fired power plant was taken as an example， the influence of co-processing of oil sludge on the thermal regulation in the pulverized coal boiler was studied. The changes of temperature distribution， flue gas composition distribution and volatile in the pulverized coal boiler under different co-processing quantities were calculated. The results showed that the co-processing of oil sludge could promote the release of volatile from pulverized coal and the combustion of coke. When the co-processing amount increased， the highest temperature in the main combustion zone increased and the concentration of CO decreased. Under the calculation condition， when the co-processing amount was 5%， the average temperature in the furnace combustion zone and the burnout zone changed the least, and the variation trend of each component concentration was similar to that of pure pulverized coal combustion, so the recommended co-processing amount was 5%.

Compound pollution is one of the most common pollution types in engineering practices. Bentonite anti-fouling barrier had been widely used to prevent the migration of contaminants. In order to investigate the influence of compound pollution on the anti-seepage performance of bentonite， the free-swelling test and scanning electron microscope （SEM） test were conducted. The variation of the anti-seepage performance of bentonite and the microscopic influence mechanism under the combined pollution effects of different combinations and concentrations of Cu2+， Pb2+ and alcohols were studied. The results showed that for the compound pollution of different metal ions with the same valence， the anti-seepage performance of bentonite was mainly related to the total concentration of metal ions in the solution， and slightly influenced by ion type. For the compound pollution of metal ions and ethanol， with the total concentration of heavy metal increased， the concentration range of ethanol which could promote the anti-seepage performance decreased， the promotion effect gradually decreased and finally appeared as inhibition.

Heterocyclic pesticides were organic pollutants presented in pesticide-contaminated sites， which had stable properties and could be adsorbed on the surface of soil particles for a long time， which made it difficult to repair the site polluted by heterocyclic pesticides. In order to find an effective remediation method for land contaminated by heterocyclic pesticides， the solubilization and elution effects of sodium humate and sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate （SDBS） on carbendazim and organic matter in soil and CODCr and ammonia nitrogen in leachate were studied by taking a typical heterocyclic pesticide-contaminated site as the research focus. The results showed that 5 mg/L sodium humate had the most significant solubilization effect on carbendazim and organic matter， and its removal rates could reach 81% and 82%， respectively. SDBS had the most significant solubilization effect on carbendazim in soil with a removal rate of 85% at 780 mg/L， and the solubilization effect on organic matter was the most significant at 195 mg/L with a removal rate of 72%. In leachate， 15 mg/L sodium humate had the best effect on CODCr in the initial stage and total leaching process， 5 mg/L sodium humate had the best effect on the total leaching of ammonia nitrogen. Overall， 15 mg/L sodium humate had a better effect than SDBS.

Based on the shortcut nitrification-denitrification technology， the AO4 micro-oxygen aeration bioreactor was adopted to treat the landfill leachate. The denitrification performance of the bioreactor was investigated， and the denitrification principle of the bioreactor was further explored by qPCR and Illumina MiSeq sequencing. The results showed that when the DO concentration of the micro-oxygen aeration unit was controlled in the range of 0~0.60 mg/L， the nitrification rate could reach more than 90%. The average removal rates of CODCr， [ＮＨ+4]-N and TN were 85%， 99% and 87%， respectively. The research on the mechanism of microbiology suggested that the abundance of functional genes of each unit in AO4 micro-oxygen aeration system was significant while the microbial community structure was little. The abundance of nirS functional genes in each unit was absolutely dominant and counted more than any other functional genes. In the nitrification process， the AOB functional genes of ammonia oxidizing bacteria were dominant， while the nitrite oxidation process dominated by NOB functional genes was inhibited to a certain extent. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was lower than that of the conventional aerobic segment reported in similar reports， which indicated that although the micro-oxygen aeration system had high nitrogen removal efficiency， but it had poor metabolic ability of organic matter. Ten denitrifying bacteria genera were detected in the study， but Thauera bacteria were mainly used to achieve denitrifying nitrogen removal in the system due to the high salinity in landfill leachate.

In order to explore the resource utilization of mineralized waste from an old large landfill， the mineralized waste from a landfill in the late 1980s was taken as an example. The physicochemical properties of mineralized waste and leachate samples were analyzed by multi-point exploration， and settlement monitoring was carried out. The results showed that the landfill pile settlement tended to be stable， leachate could not meet the discharge requirements and must be discharged after treatment to meet the standards. The combustible ingredients of the mineralized waste was about 23%~31%， the humus was about 65%~75%， and its wet-based low calorific value met the minimum calorific value requirement of waste treatment by incineration. However， the ash content was high （about 62%）， and was not suitable for direct incineration treatment. It was recommended that the mineralized waste should be screened and classified according to combustible， humus， metal and brick stones for resource utilization.

A screening and recycling project of a waste landfill in operation was taken as the research object， by detecting the concentration of ammonia gas in different areas of the workshop， the distribution results of the workshop odor represented by ammonia gas were obtained. The results showed that the feeding area， trommel screen equipment area and humus blanking area of the screening workshop were the key deodorizing areas. When designing the deodorizing system， the spraying volume and frequency of deodorizing liquid should be increased in these areas. The detection results of the duration of the deodorizing effect showed that after the deodorant spraying was stopped， the odor concentration slowly recovered， but after seven minutes， the recovery speed accelerated. Therefore， when the discharge interval was less than eight minutes， a more sustainable deodorization effect could be obtained. The relevant results could provide references for the refinement of deodorization system design of similar projects.

As the liability subject of rural household waste classification， farmers’behaviors played a decisive role in rural household waste management. Rural areas around Shijiazhuang were selected as typical example of North China in this study. Based on the survey data of 276 farmers， two statistical analysis methods of binary Logistic model and Spearman correlation coefficient were used to analyze the influence of different factors on farmers’waste classification behaviors， and the correlations between different factors. The results showed that farmers’knowledge of waste classification had a significant positive effect on their behaviors. The propaganda could not only had a significant promotion effect on farmers’classification behavior， but also had a positive moderating effect on other factors. In addition， the further improvement of classification facilities and the reward and punishment system might bring positive changes in the farmers’putting habits. Therefore， the propaganda means of waste classification should be optimized， the convenience of classification facilities should be improved， and the standardization of the reward and punishment system should be strengthened， which could contribute to farmers’understanding of waste classification in a more targeted way and enhance their initiative to implement waste classification.

According to the removal amount of solid waste， separate collecting， treatment situation， and the supporting policies on MSW classification， environmental health labor quota standards issued by China， L city and located province. Combining with the actual costs incurred in the process of MSW classification， and referring to the other cities’ funds. The full costing unit price accounting method was adapted for the collection by classification and calculation of the collection， transportation and disposal costs of low-value recyclables， food waste， hazardous waste， residual waste， and bulky waste respectively， included personnel costs， machinery costs， consumables costs， overheads， profits， taxes， etc. The cost of collection， transportation and treatment of each type of MSW were calculated， and could provide a decision-making basis for the subsequent establishment of MSW charging system.

Based on the investigation and sampling data of the incoming waste of a domestic waste incineration plant in Suzhou from 2017 to 2021， various indicators such as the physical composition and moisture content of the waste were analyzed. And the impact of changes in physical and chemical characteristics on the carbon emissions of the incineration process was discussed. The results showed that the incoming waste in Suzhou was mainly composed of kitchen waste， rubber and plastic， and paper. After the implementation of the waste classification policy， the average content of kitchen waste（39.2%） decreased significantly compared with that before classification （54.8%）. While the content of rubber and plastic （37.4%） increased by 11.6 percents. The moisture content of waste have decreased year by year with the change of components， while the low calorific value was the opposite. Carbon emission accounting analysis was carried out using the clean development mechanism methodology combined with the improved upstream operation downstream table method. With the increase in rubber and plastic content and the decline in moisture content and other factors， the direct emissions generated by the waste incineration process increased year by year， while the carbon emission reduction potential declined. It was suggested that Suzhou should effectively sort and utilize rubber and plastic products with high utilization value in waste in the future on the basis of waste classification management. At the same time， some technical measures should be taken to control the carbon emissions generated in the process of waste incineration， so as to further enhance the carbon emission reduction potential of waste to energy projects.

The greenhouse gas （GHG） emission potential of four disposal processes of anaerobic landfill， micro-aerobic landfill， composting and incineration of rural domestic waste were compared and analyzed via the intergovernmental panel on climate change （IPCC） inventory guidelines combined with the life cycle assessment （LCA） method. The results showed that the GHG emission potential of per ton rural domestic waste disposal process from large to small was anaerobic landfill （1 324.72 kgCO2eq） > micro-aerobic landfill （34.97 kgCO2eq） > incineration （1.85 kgCO2eq） > composting （-106.03 kgCO2eq）. The GHG of anaerobic landfill mainly came from CH4 produced by anaerobic degradation. The GHG of micro-aerobic landfill mainly came from N2O produced by anaerobic-aerobic degradation. The GHG of composting mainly came from CH4 and N2O produced by biodegradation， and the reuse of the compost product could effectively offset part of the GHG emissions. The GHG of incineration mainly came from CO2 generated from fossil carbon conversion and indirect emission from incineration plant operation. On-gird power generation could effectively reduce GHG emission.