Under the background of waste classification and “zero waste city” pilot construction in China， the current management status and the existing problems were systematically sorted out and deeply analyzed. Through the collection of government statistical data and the extraction of Chinese and English literature data， it was estimated that the generation of food waste in China in 2017 was approximately 158 million tons， which included 63 million tons of restaurant food waste. The results showed that temporal and spatial discrepancies existed in food waste generation， characteristics， and treatment capability across different regions. Although the utilization of food waste in China has been significantly developed， a few problems still need to be solved， such as insufficient attention attached to source reduction， deficiency in treatment capacity， low efficiency in treatment technologies， lack of performance evaluation methods， etc. It was suggested that all regions should combine the waste classification and the “zero waste” construction according to local conditions， improve the reduction and resource utilization of food waste and make up the gap in treatment capacity continually. The government， enterprises and institutions， residents and other parties should jointly participate in the whole process of food waste management. By standardizing and evaluating the performance of mainstream technologies， and supervising the actual operation of food waste treatment projects， a multi-dimensional evaluation methodology should be established to realize the quantitative analysis of environment， resources and cost of food waste management from a life cycle perspective， so as to provide scientific basis for effective decision-making of the government and the industry in the future.

The functions and requirements of cover materials in landfill were summarized. The research of using clay， sludge， mineralized waste and geomembrane as landfill cover materials was summarized and analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages of common cover materials in landfill were compared， and the development direction of cover materials in the future was prospected.

In order to comprehensively analyze the health risks and ecological risks of the leachate， the potential damage caused by leachate to the ecological environment was expounded from leachate genetic damage， developmental toxicity and liver toxicity. Meanwhile， the research direction of leachate in the future was further discussed， which could provide a reference for comprehensively defining the ecological risk of leachate.

Food waste production， classification and disposal methods in Guangzhou were collected by field research. And analytic hierarchy process was used to optimize the disposal technology of food waste. The results showed that the main urban areas of Guangzhou have carried out the sorting of food waste， by the qualified units for collection and transportation， and a more perfect collection and transportation system have been initially formed. Six kinds of disposal methods of food waste were in order as follows： anaerobic fermentation technology， biodiesel， aerobic composting， feed conversion， black soldier fly larvae and biochemical machine， which were sorted by score. Among them， anaerobic fermentation is the best disposal method of food waste， followed by biodiesel and aerobic composting. The references for the government to optimize the decision-making and the technical references for enterprises to realize the recycling， reduction and harmless treatment of food waste were provided by the research results.

The governance process of urban and rural garbage in China in the past 40 years was summarized， and the development status of garbage treatment technology in the past 20 years at home and abroad was combed. The iterative technology of urban and rural garbage treatment in China was actively explored. Meanwhile， the innovative model of using garbage classification complex to solve urban and rural garbage in China was put forward. Several core technology cases related to garbage mechanical sorting， wet garbage co-fermentation and dry garbage pyrolysis gasification has been successfully researched， which are the concrete implementation and enrichment of the national garbage classification policy and building the environmental protection industry into a strategic new pillar industry. Environmental protection， new energy， organic fertilizer and healthy diet problems can be effectively solved through the implementation of this model.

The incinerated domestic waste of Shanghai Laogang solid waste base is 9 000 t/d. The scale of comprehensive phase II sanitary landfill has been reduced from 9 000 t/d to less than 3 000 t/d， and the traditional sanitary landfill disposal business has being transformed into new industries such as wet waste regeneration and construction waste regeneration. Five directions was elaborated including domestic waste disposal， leachate disposal， landfill storage capacity， landfill gas and collaborative treatment of sludge and concentrate， to discuss the technical path and development trend of waste disposal transformation and the construction of regenerative industrial chain.

The substances separation in the food waste pretreatment stage has a great influence on the whole processing technology. If the sorting is not in place， there will be more impurities in the slurry， which will lead to the increase of equipment failure rate， pipe wear and other problems. The separation unit in the food waste pretreatment system was studied by reducing the rotating speed and feeding frequency of large substances separator. The results showed that with the decrease of rotation speed， the effect of sorting out large pieces of glass and ceramics could be achieved， the water content of the separation material had been increased but not obvious， the oil content rate would be increased， and there were some problems such as separating some organic substances， but there was no phenomenon of large amount of slurry being separated. With the increase of feed frequency， the content of separation material increased. The feeding speed had little influence on separation material composition and the overall data was stable.

By 2020， the 13th Five-Year Plan for the Construction of National Urban Domestic Waste Harmless Treatment Facilities will basically realize the complete incineration of municipal solid waste（MSW） and zero landfill of raw waste. At that time， the landfill site of MSW will be facing ecological control. The fly ash produced by the incinerator will need to be filled and disposed. The fly ash landfill site will be designed to be built in the landfill site of MSW， which can effectively solve this problem and save land space. However， considering the high compressibility of MSW， the uneven settlement of the lower MSW dump is easy to occur under the action of the upper fly ash surcharge， which causes the unstable sliding of the fly ash dump and the MSW dump， and the destruction of the impervious membrane at the bottom of the fly ash reservoir area. Therefore， the stability analysis should be carried out in advance to evaluate whether the fly ash landfill area can be built on the domestic waste dump. Finally， the stability of a fly ash reservoir project to be built on domestic waste dump was analyzed， and its feasibility was evaluated.

Aiming at the problem of insufficient landfill capacity of sludge with 60% moisture content in Shanghai， the key technical problems of increasing the capacity of sludge landfill in Laogang comprehensive landfill were explored. The pilot test study was carried out to improve the strength and bearing capacity of the buried sludge through in-situ reinforcement and honeycomb reinforcement of the geo-grid. The strength and stability of the vertical expanded pile body was improved through layered reinforcement of high-strength geo-textiles， which successfully achieved the vertical expanded height of 10 m. Based on the results of the pilot test， the values of soil strength of various kinds of sludge during the stability calculation were suggested， and some advices of vertical expansion for sludge in landfill were given.

Taking kitchen waste collected by classification as fermentation substrate， and taking wet anaerobic sludge and cow manure as inoculums respectively，the effect of different inoculums on anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste was investigated under the condition of medium temperature was（38±1） ℃ and the inoculation ratio between inoculums and kitchen waste was 2∶1．The results showed that wet anaerobic sludge of food waste had better inoculation effect than that from cow manure in cattle farm. The inoculation effect of the digested sludge in the wet anaerobic sludge was the best， and the peak gas production per day was achieved on the third day of the fermentation. Moreover， its cumulative gas production was the highest with 1619 mL， and the VS degradation rate was 21.7%.

Through the analysis of the generation and treatment of domestic garbage in Japan， the environmental protection measures of its incineration facilities and the treatment of incineration ash， it was concluded that the main treatment of domestic waste in Japan was incineration. In 2017， Japan had a total of 1 103 waste incineration facilities of various types， which had the largest number of waste incineration plant in the world. Among them， 34% of the plants were equipped with waste power generation facilities， generating 9.2×109 kWh of electricity annually. In Japan， pollution control standards of incinerators are so strict that all kinds of data are published. Moreover， the utilization of incinerated ash is also increasing gradually. Above all， the experience of domestic waste incineration in Japan can be used for reference in China. Finally， the level of waste incineration treatment should be improved， the classification of domestic waste should be continued to carry out， and investment in research and development of independent property rights of waste incineration technology should be increased.

The current situation and existing problems of municipal solid waste transport in Guangzhou was analyzed， and the transport modes with other municipal solid waste in China was compared. Combined with the actual situation and future demand of municipal solid waste transport system in Guangzhou， the optimization of solid waste transport system was studied. The recent optimization of municipal solid waste transport station in Guangzhou is mainly to improve the transport efficiency， improve environmental protection measures and upgrade the transport station. In the medium and long term， it is mainly to improve the transport efficiency and transform the waste transport mode in Guangzhou. It is suggested to adopt“large domestic waste compression and transport” as the core transport form and  adopt the combined transport mode of “large transport station mainly transport + direct collection and transport supplement”.

The basic situation of rural domestic waste treatment and classification in China were briefly introduced. Meanwhile， the advanced experience of rural waste classification and resource utilization in typical areas such as Shanghai and Zhejiang were summarized. Moreover， the problems existing in the classification of rural domestic waste were analyzed， such as incomplete system， weak consciousness， unclear responsibility， insufficient funds and lack of technology. Finally， suggestions for rural waste classification and resource utilization were put forward according to local conditions， easy to operate， technically and economically feasible as well as ensure capital investment.

The leachate from waste incineration plant was treated by anaerobic biological filter. The inoculated sludge was digestion sludge which came from a Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor（CSTR）. The operating temperature was kept at （37±2） ℃. After biofilm were completly growing well， the reactor operated steadily and continuously for nearly six months. During this period， the treatment effect of the reactor on leachate was studied by monitoring COD， NH3-N， TN， pH， VFA， TIC， VAF/TIC， daily biogas production and CH4 content. The results showed that the removal efficiency of organic pollutants in leachate by anaerobic biological filter was very high. When the inlet COD concentration was 49 000~82 000 mg/L and the outlet COD concentration was 3 000~8 000 mg/L， the removal rate of COD reached over 90%； During the operation of the reactor， the TIC was nearly 10 000 mg/L， and the VFA/TIC was basically maintained at 0.2~0.5， which belonged to the appropriate range of anaerobic reactors. Ammonification was significantly， and NH3-N/TN of inlet（40%~70%） was obviously lower than that of outlet （85%~99%）； Gas production efficiency was high， the daily biogas production could reach 300~400 L， CH4 content was nearly 70%.

Taking the leachate in Lhasa landfill as the research object， the indexes of pH、CODCr、BOD5、NH3-N、chroma、SS、As、Cr6+、TN、TP、fecal coliform group number of leachate samples before and after treated by leachate treatment station in different seasons were analyzed and evaluated， respectively. The results showed that the average concentrations of CODCr、BOD5、NH3-N、Cr6+、As、TP and TN in the leachate from Lhasa landfill reached 2.01×104、4.24×103、726.09 、0.28、0.11、16.92、730.33 mg/L， respectively. Moreover， the changes of seasons had a great influence on the concentration of CODCr、BOD5、NH3-N and TN in the leachate. The concentration of CODCr and BOD5 was lower than the average concentration of leachate water quality in China’s early landfill， but higher than that of leachate water quality in China’s old landfill. After treated by leachate treatment station， the concentration of each pollutant in the water from discharge port  could reach the limit of water pollution concentration of domestic waste landfill  in Standard for Pollution Control on the Landfill Site of Municipal Solid Waste（GB 16889—2008）， and the overall effluent quality could meet the water quality standards for urban greening.

Through the comparative experiments， the types and dosage of the coagulant for food waste water were studied. The continuous mesophilic anaerobic digestion test was carried out using a UASB reactor， and the effects of anaerobic digestion of the pretreated food waste water and raw water was compared. The results showed that the removal effect of three coagulants on pollutants in raw water was PSAF>PAC> PFS， and the optimal dosage of PSAF was 1.5 g/L. The pretreated food waste water entered the UASB system， the gas yield could reach 0.548 m3/kg when the system load was 10.8 kg/（m3·d）， and the treatment effect was best. If the raw water entered the system directly， the suspended solids and oil would affect the activity of the sludge and caused blockage of the pipeline.

The design scale of leachate treatment station in a domestic waste landfill is 850 m3/d. UBF-two stage A/O external ultrafiltration-nanofiltration-reverse osmosis treatment process was adopted for leachate treatment in landfill， and high pressure reverse osmosis-evaporation process was adopted for concentration treatment. The technological process of leachate treatment and concentrate liquid evaporation system and the design parameters of main structures and equipment were introduced. Through the analysis of the actual operation data of the project for three months， the effluent water quality reached discharge standard B for surface water bodies of Integrated Discharge Standard of Water Pollutants（DB 11/307—2013）， with good economy.

The contradiction between urbanization and odor pollution is becoming more and more serious. At present， the control technology is limited by the problems of complex odor components in landfills， many seasonal variation factors， difficult to define the changing rules and difficult to close open-air operations， which leads to bad control effect. Based on CFD simulation technology， chlorine dioxide spray oxidation deodorization technology was adopted. The spatial distribution characteristics of odor pollutants were confirmed through CFD simulation of wind field. According to the simulation results， the key spray range was selected. The wind gun was arranged to block off odor and the corresponding prevention and control measures were put forward. The equipment could be monitored in real time to control odor intelligently.

The concentrations of carbon dioxide， hydrogen sulfide， ammonia and meteorological factors were monitored using online detection equipment for one year in Tianziling landfill. The results showed that the concentration of odor was higher from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m. This may be due to the low wind speed and the existing of inversion layer in the night times. The odor concentrations were the higher from January to May and October to December. Combined with the analysis of meteorological data， the reasons for the higher odor concentration may be related to wind speed， wind direction， temperature and pressure， but not related to humidity.

The principle of dioxin production in modern domestic waste incineration plant was analysed. The method of controlling dioxin content in flue gas has been put forward from the perspective of whole factory. By adopting the ways of pretreatment before charging， 3T+E decomposition（combustion temperature is not lower than 850 ℃， gas residence time is not less than 2 s， strengthen turbulent combustion， control oxygen content）， low temperature synthesis control outside the furnace（control regeneration interval of dioxins， prevent ash accumulation from heating surface） and terminal emission control （such as activated carbon adsorption， SCR） to reduce the generation of dioxin and achieve the control of burning dioxins.