Abstract: With the continuous expansion of the scale of municipal solid waste incineration, the generation of incineration fly ash has significantly increased, and its resource utilization has become a research hotspot. A systematic review was conducted on the research progress of using fly ash from domestic waste incineration as an alternative to inorganic cementitious materials. The fly ash contains active components such as CaO, SiO2, and Al2O3, and has potential for cementation. However, due to the presence of a large amount of pollutants such as chlorides, heavy metals and dioxins, its direct utilization is restricted. Studies show that through pre-treatment methods such as water washing, heat treatment, and carbonation, harmful components in fly ash can be effectively removed or stabilized, thereby improving its physical and chemical properties. The treated fly ash can be used to prepare building materials such as concrete, roadbed materials and geopolymer products by replacing cement at an appropriate blending ratio of no more than 30%. The leaching concentration of heavy metals is lower than the national standard limit, ensuring good environmental safety. Future research should focus on developing efficient and low-consumption composite pretreatment technologies, strengthening long-term performance and environmental risk assessment, and establishing a standardized application system, in order to promote the scale-up and high-value utilization of fly ash in building materials.

Key words: municipal solid waste, incineration fly ash, inorganic cementing material, pretreatment, resource utilization