Vol. 33, No. 1 Published: 04 March 2025
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Analysis of Key Design Points of Fully Underground Domestic Waste Transfer Station Project
2025, 33 (1):
9-14.
DOI: 10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.01.002
As an important part of municipal supporting facilities, the ‘NIMBY effect’ of domestic waste transfer stations has always been the focus of attention. The fully underground domestic waste transfer station has gradually been favored by engineering designers because its production facilities are all arranged below the ground, which can effectively reduce the negative impact of waste compression treatment process. The design points of the underground domestic waste transfer station were analyzed, mainly including fire compartmentalization and functional layout, ramp design and traffic organization, smoke control and deodorization system, odor control and safe production, landscape greening and sponge storage. When dividing fire zones, it should be kept the same dividing range of fire zones and functional zones. In the design of underground ramps, it is necessary to consider the requirements of clear height, turning radius and slope required by sanitation vehicles. In terms of underground production and operation space, there are both fire protection and smoke emission requirements as well as deodorization requirements,both types of air ducts have large sizes, which need to be considered comprehensively during the design process. Safe production has always been the focus of the operation of environmental sanitation facilities, especially in the underground space. In the engineering design, it is necessary to select the appropriate process and configure toxic and harmful gas detectors to improve production safety. One of the outstanding advantages of the fully underground transfer station is that the above-ground space can be turned into an open park through the reasonable layout of landscape greening, changing the inherent impression of traditional transfer stations in people’s minds. This study was expected to provide ideas and references for the design of similar projects in the future.
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Calculation of Greenhouse Gas Emission from Domestic Waste Incineration Based on the Entire Process
2025, 33 (1):
12-18.
DOI: 10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.02.002
Incineration is the main treatment method for domestic waste, and a amount of greenhouse gases will be emitted during the incineration process. Taking a domestic waste incineration plant in Beijing as an example, greenhouse gas emission (GGE) accounting was carried out based on the entire process of domestic waste incineration. The results indicated that the CO2 equivalent intensity of GGE from domestic waste incineration was approximately 0.55 t/t. The domestic waste incineration had good potential for carbon reduction with 0.32 t/t of carbon storage capacity. From the perspective of production process, GGE from the treatment and utilization stages accounted for 99.00% of the total emissions. The contribution of CH4 and N2O was 10.81% in the processing stage. This study estimated that using domestic waste incineration to generate electricity was expected to reduce GGE by 99.842 1 million tons per year nationwide, with significant pollution and carbon reduction effects. This is of great significance for achieving the goal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality.
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Study on the Effect of Functional Admixtures on Stabilized Sandy Soil with Solid Waste-based Sulfur-aluminum-iron Cementitious Materials
2025, 33 (1):
15-22.
DOI: 10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.01.003
Under the vision of global sustainable development, the abandoned sandy soil produced in the process of water conservancy construction needs to be improved because of its loose structure, low compressibility and high permeability, so as to promote the construction of ecological civilization and the sustainable utilization of land resources. High-performance curing agent was prepared by solid waste-based sulfur-aluminum-iron cementitious materials, gypsum and granulated high-alumina slag, and the effects of additives such as glass fiber powder, carbon nanotubes, resin rubber powder and oil sludge residue were explored. The results showed that after adding cementitious materials and additives, the maximum unit volume mass of solidified soil increased, and the strength of solidified soil increased to 10.7 to 18.1 times that of natural sandy soil, which met the strength requirements of secondary highway subbase. In addition, the impermeability of solidified soil had excellent performance, especially the combination of oil sludge residue and cementitious materials, and its 7 d permeability coefficient was reduced by 25% compared with that of simple cementitious materials solidified soil. XRD and SEM analysis revealed that ettringite and hydrated calcium silicate gel were the main filling and cementing components. Admixtures could improve the properties of solidified soil through mechanisms such as accelerated hydration of carbon nanotubes, reinforcement of glass fiber powder, bonding of resin powder and filling and bonding of oil sludge residue. This study not only provides a method for the efficient utilization of sand in the construction field, but also opens up a new way for the resource utilization of solid waste such as pyrolysis residue of oil sludge.
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Experimental Study of Activated Carbon Oxidation Based on Thermogravimetric Analysis
2025, 33 (1):
19-27.
DOI: DOI：10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.02.003
The SO2 removal technology based on activated carbon or coke could not only solve the pollution problem, but also realize the resource utilization of SO2 in flue gas. However, the exothermic reaction in the process of pollutants removal makes the temperature of activated carbon bed higher than that of flue gas, which is easy to cause accidents. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the oxidation reaction of activated carbon for the safe and reliable operation of the process. Spontaneous ignition temperature (SIT) and point of initial oxidation (PIO) were used to characterize the oxidation process of activated carbon sample. The oxidation reaction of different activated carbon samples was studied by thermogravimetric method in terms of powder sizes, heating rates, oxygen contents, raw material and metal oxides. The results showed that SIT and PIO values obtained by DSC profiles were higher than those obtained by TG profiles， on the whole. For practical operation, it was recommended to use the TG method to evaluate the oxidation reaction of activated carbon. The increase of heating rate would inhibit the oxidation of activated carbon, evidenced by ascending PIO and SIT values simultaneously, and the heating rate had a greater effect on SIT value. While the increase of oxygen content in gas could promote the oxidation, evidenced by descending of both PIO and SIT values with the increase of oxygen content, and the effect of oxygen content on PIO value was more obvious. Activated carbon derived from coal and coconut shell mixture had relatively good oxidation inhibition, and the metal oxides could facilitate the oxidation reaction between coal and coconut shell mixed activated carbon, among which vanadia showed the most significant effect, with PIO and SIT values dropped by 132 ℃ and 139 ℃, respectively.
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Technical-economic Analysis of SRF Preparation Processes from Municipal Solid Waste in County Area of China
2025, 33 (1):
23-31.
DOI: 10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.01.004
To investigate the techno-economic performance of solid recovered fuel (SRF) production from municipal solid waste (MSW) in China’s county regions, three short-flow SRF preparation processes，namely mechanical sorting, bio-drying, high pressure extrusion and bio-drying, were examined. Considering the characteristics of SRF production, the techno-economic performance of these processes was assessed in terms of investment, internal rate of return, economic transportation radius, and non-subsidized income proportion. Techno-economic analysis of MSW incineration was also carried out for comparison. Additionally, by integrating the four techno-economic indicators above, a comprehensive techno-economic index (CTE) was developed to evaluate the overall techno-economic performance of three SRF preparation processes. The result indicated that the production of SRF could increase power generation revenue, reduce transportation costs, and increase the net income of MSW incineration. The net income (in tons MSW) of the SRF preparation process ranged from 19.1 to 35.9 yuan, which was considerably higher than the 4.8 yuan for MSW incineration. When the MSW disposal allowance was 70.0 yuan/t, the biological drying process had the largest economic transportation radius of 90.9 km, which was 71.0% greater than that of MSW incineration. This significantly expanded the service scope of incineration plants, and was benefit to improve the MSW incineration rate in remote areas, resulting better environmental and economic benefits. Among the three SRF preparation processes, the bio-drying process exhibits the most favorable comprehensive techno-economic performance, followed by high pressure extrusion and bio-drying, and mechanical sorting.
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Study on the Performance of Phenol Degradation by Modified Bovine Bone Meal Biochar Activated Persulfate
2025, 33 (1):
28-37.
DOI: DOI：10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.02.004
The activation of persulfate by carbon-based catalyst has the characteristics of high efficiency, controllable and selective activation, and so on. However, most of the existing carbon-based materials (mainly carbon nanotubes, graphene and diamond) have harsh preparation conditions, complex processes, difficulty in large-scale production, high environmental application costs and performances need to be further improved. Biochar has attracted much attention in the field of environmental catalysis because of its simple preparation, low cost, adjustable specific surface area and large number of surface functional groups. N-doped bovine bone meal biochar (BBC-N0.005) was prepared by high temperature calcination using bovine bone meal and sodium ethanesulfate as raw materials. Bovine bone meal was made from fresh animal bone, which contained collagen, high carbon content, rich phosphorus content, and provided sufficient carbon source and natural doping element for improving catalytic performance. The physicochemical properties of BBC-N0.005 were analyzed by various characterization methods, and it was used to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade phenol. Meanwhile, the effects of different factors on the degradation of phenol and its degradation mechanism were investigated. The results showed that when N-doping mass ratio was only 0.005, BBC-N0.005/PMS could effectively remove phenol within 30 minutes. The degradation rate of the system could reach more than 80% in the pH range of 3 to 11, which had a good pH application range. The main active species in BBC-N0.005/PMS system were SO4?-,?OH and 1O2, and the pyridine nitrogen and graphite nitrogen on the surface of BBC-N0.005 were the main active sites for activating PMS.
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Cross Flow Filtration Performance of Disk Ceramic Membrane from Different Sludge
2025, 33 (1):
32-39.
DOI: 10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.01.005
In order to study the cross flow filtration performance of disk ceramic membrane from different sludge, a dynamic filtration device with an average ceramic disc aperture of 2 μm was adopted to conduct experiments on thermal hydrolyzed sludge, digested sludge, and AO sludge. The impact of sludge with different properties on filtration permeation flux, the filtered concentrated liquid and clear liquid were investigated. The results indicated that under the operating conditions of normal temperature feeding, a membrane rotation speed of 900 r/min, and a transmembrane pressure difference of 0.1 MPa, the permeation flux of the disc ceramic membrane decayed rapidly within 20 minutes, and then with the increase of time, the overall trend fluctuated and declined. After 90 minutes, the filtration fluxes of thermal hydrolyzed sludge, digested sludge, and AO sludge stabilized at 22.93, 13.97, and 14.20 L/（m2·h）, respectively. The disc ceramic membrane has a significant interception effect on particulate matter and dissolved organic matter of sludge from the three sources. After the digested sludge was filtered through the membrane, the solid content of the concentrated liquid could reach to 11.85%. The disc ceramic membrane cross-flow filtration system could achieve high-efficiency concentration and filtration of sludge simultaneously, providing a new approach for the solid-liquid separation treatment of sludge.
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Research and Engineering Design of Sewer Sludge Treatment Technologies
2025, 33 (1):
38-41.
DOI: DOI：10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.02.005
With the development of the city, environmental protection requirements are increasingly strict, and the problem of sewer sludge outlet has gradually attracted the attention of the management department, and has also become a problem faced by the city. A number of sewage sludge treatment stations in China were investigated and their processes and existing problems were analyzed. On this basis, a sewage sludge treatment station in Wuhan was taken as an example, and combined with the characteristics of the project, the combined treatment process of “pretreatment + multistage separation + mechanical dehydration”, which has little influence on the downstream sewage treatment plant, was adopted. After treated, four types of residues were generated: bricks, stones, tree roots, plastics, etc., with a particle size greater than 100.0 mm; stones, plastics, scum, etc., with a particle size between 3.0 and 100.0 mm (not including 100.0 mm) and a moisture content of 11.4%; sand, organic matter, etc., with a particle size between 0.2 and 3.0 mm (not including 3.0 mm) and a moisture content of 21.8%; and silt with a particle size smaller than 0.2 mm and a moisture content of 25.7%. The unit operation cost in the station was 75.53 yuan/t according to the calculation of full load operation. At the same time, the problems existed since the operation were summarized in order to provide reference for the subsequent sewage sludge treatment projects.
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Research Status of Malodorous Gas Emissions During the Aerobic Composting Process of Food Waste
2025, 33 (1):
40-49,56.
DOI: 10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.01.006
The emission of malodorous gases, such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, during the aerobic composting of food waste has attracted extensive attention from researchers. In order to reduce the harm of malodorous gases to residents and the environment, the types and generation mechanism of malodorous gases during the aerobic composting process of food waste were deeply explored and summarized based on existing literature. Meanwhile, the influences of different process parameters and additives on the production of malodorous gases were expounded, the existing deodorization technologies and their advantages and disadvantages were systematically sorted out, and the challenges faced in the treatment of malodorous gases in the aerobic composting of food waste were summarized. Finally, a research direction integrating in-situ odor reduction, efficient resource transformation, combined ex-situ odor removal and odor control strategies were proposed, which could offer theoretical insights and practical foundations for a more profound comprehension and resolution of odor-related issues in the aerobic composting process.
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Enhancing Anaerobic Methanogenesis of Urban Organic Solid Waste by Granular Activated Carbon-supplemented Electrodes Coupled with Intermittent Power Supply
2025, 33 (1):
42-49,54.
DOI: DOI：10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.02.006
Direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) has a low dependence on diffusive mass transfer. In anaerobic digestion projects of urban organic solid waste with high solid content and ammonia nitrogen stress, DIET can serve as an additional methanogenic pathway. However, electroautotrophic methanogens that are known to participate in DIET lack conductive pili or outer membrane cytochromes, and extracellular electrons must cross the electrically inert cell membrane to enter the cell interior and participate in the CO? reduction process. Studies have shown that low-voltage electrical stimulation can improve the conductivity of membrane-bound proteins, but the effect is mainly concentrated in the biofilm enriched at the cathode, and continuous power supply will lead to excessive energy consumption, which is not conducive to large-scale engineering applications. In this study, granular activated carbon (GAC) was used as a packing material in the electrode coupled with intermittent power supply to investigate its impact on the anaerobic digestion performance of urban organic solid waste. The results showed that the GAC-packed electrode could extend the influence of the electric field from the cathode to its surface, increasing the methanogenic capacity by 26%. Cyclic voltammetry scanning was used in combination with the Randles-?ev?ík equation to calculate the electron transfer coefficient of the microbial film, and it was found that the microbial film on the GAC surface had more than double the electron transfer coefficient compared to the sludge in the reactor. During intermittent power supply, GAC could retain some of the electric field’s influence, and in the closed-circuit operation phase, the biofilm on the GAC surface had a stronger electrical signal response to scanning electrochemical microscopy and electrochemical Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Microbial community analysis revealed that adding GAC as a packing material in the electrode could enrich more methanogenic archaea related to DIET, for example, the relative abundance of Methanospirillum on activated carbon (39.86%) was much higher than that of the control group (21.45%). When the GAC was coupled with intermittent power supply, the relative abundance of Methanospirillum decreased from 39.86% to 25.84% during open-circuit operation.
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Occurrence Characteristic and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Yangzhou Household Food Waste
2025, 33 (1):
50-54.
DOI: DOI：10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.02.007
Taking the household food waste in five residential areas in different districts of Yangzhou(Guangling district, Hanjiang district and Jiangdu district) within one year as the objects, the concentration of heavy metals (As， Cd，Cu， Ni， Pb， Zn) in food waste was analyzed. Meanwhile, the applicability of food waste as composting raw material was researched and pollution risk assessment of heavy metals was carried out. The results showed that the concentration of Ni, Cd, Pb, As were relatively low, while the concentration of Cu and Zn were relatively high, with the maximum values of 6.35， 0.68， 2.81， 0.49， 26.1， 58.2 mg/kg, respectively. Through comparative analysis, the concentration of As, Pb and Cd in food waste were far lower than the limit of NY/T 525—2021 Organic Fertilizer, and the concentration of Pb, Cd, Ni, Cu, As were also much lower than the soil pollution risk screening value of the second type of land in GB 36600—2018 Soil Environmental Quality-Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Development Land, which indicated that the food waste in Yangzhou would be suitable for composting raw material. According to the Hakanson potential ecological risk index method, the potential ecological risk index RI of heavy metals in food waste was calculated to be 0.45, indicating that the potential ecological risk caused by Cd, As, Pb, Cu and Ni of household food waste was low, and the organic fertilizer obtained by household food waste as compost raw materials would be safe to be applied to landscaping.
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Exploration on the Application of Dry Anaerobic Fermentation Technology for Kitchen Waste in Chongqing Luoqi
2025, 33 (1):
55-63.
DOI: DOI：10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.02.008
Dry anaerobic fermentation technology is one of the effective methods for treating kitchen waste, which can achieve waste reduction, resource utilization, and harmlessness, with low energy consumption and environmental impact. In the Chongqing Luoqi kitchen waste treatment project, the complete set of horizontal push flow single axis stirring dry anaerobic fermentation technology has been successfully applied through equipment introduction and technology development, achieving important technological progress. In the continuous operation in 2024, each unit operated stably and efficiently, with stable control of process parameters, and obtained a large amount of technical data. The daily average unit production of garbage biogas was 119.06 m3/t, with a volumetric gas production rate of 5.44 m3/m3, and the biogas components were stable at 55% to 65%. The production and solid content of dehydrated residue were effectively controlled, and the ratio of dehydrated residue to feed quantity was always controlled below 40%. The amount of biogas slurry was small, and the solid content of biogas slurry was stable below 1%. The key technical control indicators of dry anaerobic fermentation technology were obtained through data analysis, with an average feed volatile solid load（measured by VS) of 10.50 kg/（m3·d）.The average decomposition rate of volatile solids was 77.39%, and the average methane production（measured by VS) from volatile solids decomposed per unit was 472.58 L/kg. At present, the theoretical research on anaerobic treatment technology for high solid content waste materials in China is not yet complete, and most of the application projects cannot meet the production standards. Therefore, this study can provide theoretical and data basis for the research of dry anaerobic fermentation process in China, and also provide technical support for the promotion of dry anaerobic fermentation technology application in the field of kitchen waste in China.
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Current Status,Challenges and Perspectives of Paper Waste Biological Treatment Technologies
2025, 33 (1):
57-66.
DOI: 10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.01.008
Paper waste is rich in cellulose, hemicellulose and nutrients, which can be bio-converted to energy and resources, while simultaneously reduce the environmental pollution caused by improper disposal. The implementation of suitable pretreatment technology is a crucial path in ensuring the effective bioconversion of paper waste, which has the potential to significantly enhance the bioconversion efficiency of paper waste. While it is important to develop an appropriate route for the full-scale bioconversion of paper waste to maximize energy/resource recovery and minimize waste generation. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the current bioconversion technology of paper waste was carried out. Based on this, an innovative bioconversion route applicable to the treatment of paper waste was proposed and the economic feasibility and environmental sustainability were comprehensive analysed. Finally, the directions forward of paper waste bioconversion technology was also prospected.
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Study on the Stabilization of Arsenic and Antimony in Contaminated Soil at the Old Site of Arsenic Plant in Hechi Area, Guangxi
2025, 33 (1):
64-70,76.
DOI: DOI：10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.02.009
Arsenic and antimony in soil have strong migration characteristics, their stabilization has always been a difficulty in the soil remediation industry. The stabilization effect experiment of arsenic and antimony was carried out in the arsenic and antimony contaminated soil at the former sites of seven arsenic plants in Hechi area, Guangxi. The effects of stabilizers on soil pH, arsenic and antimony leaching behavior and speciation in the soil were explored. The results showed that the soil pH remained in the range of 7.73 to 8.22 under the condition that the dosage of stabilized material was 10-70 g/kg. The stable efficiency of arsenic and antimony in soil was 65.4%-100.0% and 91.0%-99.7%, respectively. The largest proportion of arsenic and antimony in the soil was the residue state, which was more than 70.0%, and the smallest proportion was the non-obligate adsorption state(0-9.4%). The stabilization process of arsenic and antimony in soil is also a transformation process among non-obligate adsorption state, obligate adsorption state， and amorphous iron-aluminum oxide bound state. The results of this study can provide a reference for the stabilization and remediation of other similar high-concentration arsenic and antimony contaminated soils.
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Peanut Shell as a Bulk Agent Affects the Humification Features and Improves the Quality of Compost During Composting
2025, 33 (1):
67-77.
DOI: 10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.01.009
The environmental pollution and resource waste caused by livestock and poultry breeding manure represents a significant practical problem for large-scale livestock farms. Composting is an effective way for the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure. The present research subjects were cattle manure and sawdust, which were treated with peanut shell (CSP) and without peanut shell (CS). The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of the addition of peanut shell bulk agent on the quality and performance of cattle manure compost. The results showed that the maximum temperature of compost in CS and CSP treatments reached 67.1 ℃ and 69.5 ℃, respectively, and the duration of high temperature lasted 26 days and 15 days, respectively. Compared with CS, CSP accelerated the pile temperature rise and the pile maturity and stability. The final germination index of CS and CSP reached 80.10% and 103.56%, respectively, and the organic matter degradation rate reached 11.35% and 13.25%, respectively. In addition, compared with that in the initial state, the E465/E665 in CS and CSP increased by 30.68% and 94.74%, respectively, the content of humus increased by 21.06% and 31.53%, respectively, the content of humic acid increased by 57.48% and 71.15%, respectively，the degree of polymerization increased by 97.96% and 189.29%, respectively, CSP had the better effect on promoting the humification process and aromaticity degree of compost. The results of Spearman correlation analysis and structural equation model demonstrated dissolved organic carbon and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen were key influencing factors in the humification process of cattle compost. The addition of peanut shell enhanced the correlation between humification parameters and spectral parameters. Meanwhile, it also increased the pathways that significantly affected the formation of humic acid, promoting the active conversion of carbon and nitrogen nutrients to humic acid, thus enhancing the degree of humification and aromaticity of compost products. The results provided a scientific basis for the efficient and directional regulation of humification in the commercial composting of cattle manure waste.
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Process Design of Leachate Treatment Project of Dalian Incineration Power Plant under Different Production Standards
2025, 33 (1):
71-76.
DOI: DOI：10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.02.010
The sewage treatment station project of the second phase of domestic waste incineration power generation project in the central urban area of Dalian city was designed to partially reuse the effluent and partially discharge it. Among them, the water quality of the recycled part met supplementary water quality requirements of the open circulating cooling water system in the GB/T 19923—2005 Reuse of Urban Recycling Water-Water Quality Standard for Industrial Uses, and the discharge part should comply with the first level A standard of GB 18918—2002 Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant. The main process of leachate treatment is “pretreatment + anaerobic + external MBR+ nanofiltration + reverse osmosis”, and the concentrated solution treatment adopts the process of “material film reduction+reinjection”. The overall operation of the project is good, and the effluent quality is stable and up-to-standard.
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Control Scheme for Odor in Evaporation Tail Gas and Membrane Equipment Clogging in Full-scale Treatment of Leachate:A Case Study of Shenzhen Xiaping Environmental Park
2025, 33 (1):
77-83.
DOI: DOI：10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.02.011
To address the increasingly severe challenges in landfill leachate treatment, particularly the surge in leachate during the rainy season, and to ensure the stable operation of the environmental park and ecological safety, Shenzhen Xiaping Environmental Park initiated a new leachate treatment capacity expansion and retrofitting project. This project was designed to process 1 200 m3/d of leachate, adopting a combined process of equalization tank + two-stage A/O-MBR(membrane bio-reactor)+ nanofiltration + reverse osmosis. The volume reduction + submerged combustion evaporation technology was utilized for concentrate treatment, achieving full quantitative treatment and significantly alleviating environmental pressure on the park. During implementation, challenges such as odor in evaporation tail gas and membrane equipment clogging (impacting treatment efficiency) were addressed through optimized process design and equipment configuration upgrades. A refined tail gas treatment process was combustion in evaporators + alkali scrubbing spray towers + temperature elevation + bag dust removal + botanical liquid spray，and process of coagulation sedimentation + filtration system was introduced before nanofiltration concentrate enters the volume reduction system to effectively remove macromolecular organics， ensure membrane system stability and mitigate odor issues. The successful execution of this project not only provides robust support for the sustainable development of waste disposal in the park， but also contributes valuable experience to the advancement of landfill leachate treatment technologies in China.
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Application Study of Gas-liquid Jet Stirring Technology in Anaerobic Digestion Engineering of Kitchen Waste
2025, 33 (1):
78-84.
DOI: 10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.01.010
The process of anaerobic fermentation of kitchen waste can be enhanced to some extent by increasing the stirring process, which improves the organic loading of anaerobic fermentation and the efficiency of biogas production. Common mechanical stirring processes can accomplish the stirring within the anaerobic digestion tanks, but they also have several drawbacks, such as high operational energy consumption, insufficient stirring, the difficulty of daily operation and maintenance, as well as the inability to break down large particles and fibrous materials. By introducing an innovative gas-liquid mixed jet stirring technology to replace the mechanical stirring process in the anaerobic digestion process, not only the aforementioned issues could be avoided, but also the mixing effect and biogas yield within the anaerobic fermentation tanks were enhanced. This technology has been successfully and stably operated in the anaerobic fermentation project of kitchen waste for over a year. In the anaerobic fermentation tanks of kitchen waste, the gas-liquid mixed jet stirring could enhance the daily biogas production of the kitchen waste slurry and increase the CH4 content in the biogas by about 9%. At the same time, it could also increase the biogas yield per ton of slurry by about 30% and improve the biogas production rate by about 18%. From the analysis results of slurry mixing degree, equipment investment, ease of installation, operation and maintenance, treatment capacity, energy saving and consumption reduction, the gas-liquid mixed jet stirring has obvious advantages in engineering application.
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System Design and Engineering Application Process of In-situ Aerobic Stabilization Technology in MSW Landfill: A Review
2025, 33 (1):
84-94.
DOI: DOI：10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.02.012
The in-situ aerobic stabilization technology is one of pre-treatment processes toward middle-low intensity development of landfills. The landfill-gas system and liquid system design as its core technology are still weak on basic theories research and engineering application experience, the engineering application summary is not yet systematic. Therefore, the process design and engineering application of landfill-gas and liquid system of in-situ aerobic stabilization technology were systematically investigated, especially focused on process design methods and application practice of engineering cases of well network distribution, aeration and pumping volume calculation in gas system and leachate collection, recharge and treatment systems in liquid system. Finally, the existing problems were pointed out and the future development direction was prospected.
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The Influence of Fibrous Microplastics on Sludge Biochar Pyrolysis Behavior and Carbon Structure
2025, 33 (1):
85-92.
DOI: 10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.01.011
With extensive use of plastic products, lots of fibrous microplastics have been discharged and accumulated in sewage sludge, posing a great challenge for sludge pyrolysis treatment. Moreover, high concentration of fibrous microplastics may alter the sludge pyrolysis behavior and sludge biochar structure, impacting the subsequent reuse of sludge. Therefore, it is urgent to understand the influence of fibrous microplastics on sludge pyrolysis behavior as well as sludge biochar structure. In this study, polyethylene terephthalate (PET, ≤0.15 mm), the typical fibrous microplastic, had been added into sludge with various mass ratios (0, 15% and 30%), and then the mixture was pyrolyzed at different temperatures (300-700 ℃). Results showed that the synergistic interaction of PET and sludge reduced yield of biochar at lower pyrolysis temperatures, while promoted yield of sludge at higher pyrolysis temperatures. Meanwhile, high abundance of PET in sludge could enhance the fraction of larger fused aromatic ring systems and increase degree of structural arrangement in biochar. In addition, for the biochar obtained at lower pyrolysis temperatures, the carbon retention ratio and long-term stability were improved by PET. However, for the biochar pyrolyzed at higher temperatures, high abundance of PET could reduce the carbon retention ratio and long-term stability.
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Analysis of the Inhibition Mechanism and Effect of the Air-cooled Wall on the Coking of Imported Grate Furnace
2025, 33 (1):
93-97.
DOI: 10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.01.012
The imported grate furnace of a domestic waste incineration project was designed with insulated furnace wall, and the coking problem was serious during operation. Through characterization analysis, it was found that calcium feldspar was the main component of the coke block, which was easy to form low-temperature eutectic mixture. When the furnace temperature was too high, the ash particles generated by incineration were prone to softening and melting, and adhered to the furnace surface with high temperature to form coke blocks. To solve the problem, the project modularized the side wall of the original furnace, making each section of the furnace wall enclosed and independent. In the local high-temperature area, the original insulated furnace wall was transformed into the air-cooled wall to reduce the temperature. After the renovation, the coking problem has been significantly improved, enhancing the safety and stability of the incinerator operation, improving the furnace thermal efficiency, and saving the operating costs. The project renovation has achieved expected results.
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Process Design and Exploration of Rapid Ventilation Pretreatment for Landfills
2025, 33 (1):
95-101.
DOI: DOI：10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.02.013
Domestic waste landfills are gradually withdrawing from the stage of history, but the landfill waste stabilization cycle is long, in its degradation process will continue to produce leachate and landfill gas, which has a greater risk. In recent years, the excavation and screening resource utilization technology, which can completely eliminate the risk of waste storage and free up land resources, has been increasingly favored by the market. And the safety and environmental risks of landfill gas generated by excavation and sieving of garbage are the key problems faced by this technology. The rapid ventilation pretreatment technology proposing in this study can quickly reduce the landfill gas pollution load in the garbage pile, effectively guarantee the safe excavation of garbage and reduce the impact of odor, and the technology has the characteristics of rapid well construction, rapid installation and transfer, as well as good match with the excavation construction. Field tests were carried out to optimize the design of process operation parameters and verify the treatment effect of this technology. Result showed that after 7 days of rapid ventilation pretreatment, the methane concentration in the landfill body could be less than 2.5%, which could meet the limit requirements of GB 14554—1993 Emission Standards for Odor Pollutants.
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Engineering Practice and Analysis of Exhaust Gas Recirculation Technology for Waste Incineration Power Generation Project
2025, 33 (1):
98-102.
DOI: 10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.01.013
In order to explore the effects of exhaust gas recirculation system on the combustion characteristics of garbage incinerators and the reduction of NOx emission concentration, taking a domestic waste incineration plant in Hebei as an example, the engineering experiments were used to study the effects of operating factors such as exhaust gas recirculation ratio and oxygen concentration on furnace temperature, CO concentration, as well as NOx concentration. The results indicated that when using existing waste incineration processes and equipment, with a exhaust gas recirculation ratio of 15% and the oxygen concentration at the outlet of the economizer decreased to below 3.8%, the CO concentration could not be stably controlled below 50 mg/m3, posing a risk of environmental non-compliance. The trend of NOx concentration and oxygen concentration was consistent, and it increased with the increase of oxygen concentration. At the same time, when the oxygen concentration at the outlet of economizer was 4.5%-5.0%, the average NOx concentration and the maximum concentration decreased with the increase of the proportion of exhaust gas recirculation. The furnace temperature decreased by about 70 ℃ with the increase of the exhaust gas recirculation ratio.
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Analysis of Excavation and Screening Process and Determination of Parameters for Small-scale Simple Landfills:A Case Study on a Small-scale Simple Landfill in Zhejiang Province
2025, 33 (1):
102-109.
DOI: DOI：10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.02.014
The volume of small simple landfill is small. Based on site investigation, the project clearly adopted the main treatment technology of “excavation and screening + light material transport and incineration + humus soil backfilling” to clean up pollution and free up land resources. The screening scale and construction period in the process of waste excavation and screening mainly depend on the ability of the back-end incineration plant to receive the light combustibles on the screen. The storage space of the recyclables is based on their proportion and the frequency of clearing and transportation. The space of the drying site can store the excavated waste for 3 days. The size of the screening workshop is determined according to the screening scale. The waste excavation area was controlled within 1 000 m2, and the construction was carried out by step-by-step (layer) and relay excavation method. The moisture content of the waste after drying was reduced to 30%-40%, and the multi-stage high-efficiency waste comprehensive sorting equipment was used for sorting and classification. After the completion of site management, post-assessment and follow-up monitoring of the excavation area would be needed to ensure the final utilization of the site.
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Preliminary Exploration for MSWI Fly Ash by the Detoxification Processes of Acid Washing Reduction and Low Temperature Pyrolysis
2025, 33 (1):
103-109.
DOI: 10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.01.014
Taking fly ash of a MSWI plant in Shanghai as an example, the effectiveness of an acid-washing and pyrolysis combined approach for fly ash detoxification was explored. It focused on influence in the leaching toxicity of heavy metals, chemical composition, and crystalline phase composition of MSWI fly ash before and after water washing and acid washing. Additionally, the study assessed the pollution characteristics of the wastewater generated from the acid washing process and the fly ash generated from the pyrolysis process. The results showed that after treated by water washing, the leaching toxicity of heavy metals in MSWI fly ash could meet the standard requirements of the HJ 1134—2020 Technical Specification for Pollution Control of Fly-Ash from Municipal Solid Waste Incineration. However, the leaching toxicity had fell short of meeting the standards of the GB 5085.3—2007 Identification Standards for Hazardous Wastes-Identification for Extraction Toxicity. Upon implementing acid washing treatment, the leaching toxicity of heavy metals in MSWI fly ash met the requirements of both standards. In addition, the technical feasibility of this combined system, which consists of acid-water washing and low-temperature pyrolysis, was demonstrated. The heavy metals, dioxins, and soluble chlorine,all met the pollution control requirements of HJ 1134—2020， demonstrating successful detoxification of the MSWI fly ash.
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Research on Settlement of Vertical Reconstruction of Domestic Waste Landfill
2025, 33 (1):
110-116.
DOI: DOI：10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.02.015
Based on the settlement experience model of Swoers and so on, a settlement calculation method of Chinese domestic waste landfills provided by Zhejiang University, combined with the characteristics of high-food-waste domestic waste, has been used to calculate the primary and secondary compression settlement, as well as the uneven settlement of vertical reconstruction of domestic waste landfills. The actual project settlements was monitored and compression settlement characteristics was analyzed. Additionally, the mechanical properties of different impermeable materials were collected to analyze their applicability in the engineering application of vertical reconstruction of domestic waste landfills. The results showed that the primary compression settlement had a short duration, while the secondary compression settlement lasted for 30 to 50 years. The compression settlement is nonlinearly proportional to the depth of the underlying domestic waste body and the height of the fly ash body, with the settlement rate decreasing as the depth and height increase. The landfilling slope ratio of the waste body is an important factor affecting uneven settlement, and it is recommended that the slope of the fly ash body be less than 1∶3 to ensure that the tensile strain of the impermeable lining is less than 10%. With the adoption of engineering measures such as bidirectional geogrids and buffer layers, combinations of materials such as HDPE membranes and geotextiles can be used as impermeable linings for vertical reconstruction, and the use of sodium bentonite waterproof blankets and clay in vertical reconstruction is not recommended.
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Application of Multiple Indices in the Ecological Risk Assessment of Potential Risk Elements in Sediment
2025, 33 (1):
116-123.
DOI: 10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.01.016
Sediment contamination caused by potential risk elements has attracted widespread attention around the world. Comprehensive ecological risk assessment is the key to precise pollution prevention and control. Therefore, many scholars at home and abroad have carried out relevant research on sediment ecological risk assessment. With the help of a variety of indices, including contamination factor, degree of contamination, risk factor, potential ecological risk index, enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index of geochemical methods, with their corresponding evaluation criteria, the pollution degree of current potential risk elements was obtained. In addition, based on the evaluation results, the source of pollution can be traced. A large number of cases in domestic and foreign literature research were summarized in this study, and the application of various indices in the evaluation of sediment pollution degree were further explored through these cases. Finally, the effective remediation countermeasures and prospects of future research for sediment were proposed.
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Waste Classification Science Popularization Education Base Project in Tengzhou City
2025, 33 (1):
117-119.
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Hangzhou Fuyang Circular Economy Industrial Park Perishable Waste Treatment Project
2025, 33 (1):
120-122.
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Kitchen Waste and Food Waste Collaborative Disposal Project in Cixi City
2025, 33 (1):
123-125.
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Analysis on Current Situation and Countermeasure of Resource Utilization of Kitchen Waste Oil in Shanghai Under the Background of“Dual Carbon”
2025, 33 (1):
124-129.
DOI: 10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.01.017
With the rapid development of the world economy and industry, the demand for energy is constantly increasing. Promoting the resource utilization of kitchen waste oil and vigorously developing the production of biodiesel from kitchen waste oil have important significance for achieving China’s “dual carbon” goal and promoting the construction of ecological civilization. The production of kitchen waste oil in China is increasing day by day. The effective utilization of kitchen waste oil can not only prevent the food safety problems caused by its back-flow to dining tables, but also solve the environmental pollution problems caused by random discharge. The relevant management policies of kitchen waste oil in China and the collection and transportation models at home and abroad were introduced. The current situation of collection and transportation of kitchen waste oil in Shanghai was analyzed, and the management status at home and abroad was compared. At the same time, the current situation of resource utilization in Shanghai was analyzed and studied. At present, there are some problems in the collection and transportation of kitchen waste oil in Shanghai, such as limited supply capacity of raw materials, uneven quality of oil supplied by suppliers, difficulty in meeting oil collection standards for kitchen waste oil, and significant impact of region and process on pre-treatment costs. In terms of resource utilization, there are problems such as uneven treatment facilities, failure to use facilities according to regulations after installation, and low added value of resource utilization products. Finally, relevant suggestions were put forward from the aspects of standardizing and improving the recycling standards of kitchen waste oil, researching and formulating policies for the resource utilization of kitchen waste oil, promoting technological innovation and industrial upgrading, establishing and improving the whole process supervision platform of kitchen waste oil. Especially in the context of “dual carbon”, exploring the introduction of carbon offset mechanisms was innovatively proposed to replace the current subsidy policies, which has a long-term incentive effect on the sustainable development of biodiesel enterprises.
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Construction Waste Resource Disposal Center Project in Cixi City
2025, 33 (1):
126-127.
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Study on Greenhouse Gas Quantification and Emission Reduction Potentials in Municipal Solid Waste Transportation in Zhanjiang City
2025, 33 (1):
130-139.
DOI: 10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.01.018
Municipal solid waste incineration has become a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in China’s MSW treatment sector, while the GHG emissions during the transportation process have received less attention, especially in small and medium-sized cities. The slower pace of technological innovation and non-standard management in these cities may lead to higher GHG emissions due to unreasonable transportation routes and frequencies. To quantify the GHG emissions and reduction potential of transportation vehicles in the MSW collection and transportation link of Zhanjiang city, a GHG emission accounting model based on the actual transportation situation in Zhanjiang city was constructed, in accordance with 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories, and the Monte Carlo simulation method was used for variable simulation. The results indicated that the GHG emissions from transportation vehicles of MSW collection and transportation chain in Zhanjiang city ranged from 5.20 t/d to 5.44 t/d, and carbon emission equivalent was 3.47-3.63 kg/t, which significantly increasing with the transportation distance. There is a considerable potential for GHG emission reduction in MSW transportation of Zhanjiang city. In the future, GHG emissions can be reduced through measures such as route optimization, rational siting, construction of MSW transfer stations and treatment facilities, application of information-based collection and transportation management systems, and commissioning clean-energy MSW transfer vehicles. Taking Chikan district as an example, if all MSW transfer vehicles are replaced with large-scale new energy-pure electric transfer vehicles, the reduction of GHG emissions can reach 86.52%, and the cost of using the transfer vehicles will be reduced by 31.88 million yuan after five years of operation. This study provides a scientific basis for optimizing MSW transportation routes and developing associated environmental management strategies.
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Impact of Source Sorting on Carbon Emission and Reduction of Municipal Solid Waste Treatment:A Case Study of Kitchen and Residual Waste Sorting in Shanghai
2025, 33 (1):
140-140.
DOI: 10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.01.019
With the advancement of the municipal solid waste (MSW) sorting system, the characteristics of MSW generation and substance flow in Shanghai, especially the kitchen and residual waste components and their treatment methods, have changed significantly, which directly affects the carbon emission of the MSW treatment process. The carbon emission and reduction under the background of MSW sorting policy in Shanghai were calculated using the benchmark method, focusing on kitchen and residual waste components. The results showed that from the second half of 2019 to 2022, the carbon reduction intensity of residual waste decreased from 0.19 t/t to 0.13 t/t， due to the decrease of the kitchen waste component and the increase of the rubber and plastic component in residual waste. The carbon reduction of kitchen waste increased significantly due to the anaerobic digestion treatment, and carbon emission reduction benefits gradually appeared. On the whole, the carbon reduction of kitchen and residual waste after MSW sorting was stabilized at 0.20-0.23 t/t. In the baseline scenario, the sensitivity analysis with incineration ratio as the key variable found that with the increase of the incineration ratio of MSW, the carbon emission reduction of project scenario decreased. The results of this study could bring reference value for evaluating the environmental performance of MSW sorting, and also provide ideas for carbon emission reduction strategies of the MSW treatment industry under the new situation.
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