环境卫生工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (1): 67-77.doi: 10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.01.009

• 有机固废生物处理与高值化利用 • 上一篇    下一篇

花生壳作为填充剂在堆肥过程中影响腐殖化特性并改善堆肥质量

陆晓林，张起强，谭正准，曾令湖，潘玉红，李治培，李群良，覃广胜   

  1. 1.中国农业科学院 广西壮族自治区水牛研究所 广西水牛遗传繁育重点实验室；2. 广西大学 化学化工学院
  • 出版日期:2025-03-04 发布日期:2025-03-04

Peanut Shell as a Bulk Agent Affects the Humification Features and Improves the Quality of Compost During Composting

LU Xiaolin, ZHANG Qiqiang, TAN Zhengzhun, ZENG Linghu, PAN Yuhong, LI Zhipei, LI Qunliang, QIN Guangsheng   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Buffalo Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction Technology， Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences; 2. College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University
  • Online:2025-03-04 Published:2025-03-04

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摘要： 畜禽养殖固体粪污引起的环境污染和资源浪费是规模化养殖场面临的现实难题，堆肥是畜禽粪便资源化利用的有效途径。以牛粪和木糠为研究对象，设置了未添加花生壳（CS）和添加花生壳（CSP）两个处理组，探究花生壳填充剂的添加对牛粪堆肥质量性能的影响。结果表明：CS与CSP处理组的最高温度分别为67.1 ℃和69.5 ℃，高温期分别持续26 d和15 d，CSP处理组更能促进堆温上升和堆体腐熟稳定。堆肥结束时，CS和CSP处理组的发芽指数分别为80.10%和103.56%，有机质的降解率分别为11.35%和13.25%，E465/E665较堆肥前分别提高了30.68%和94.74%，腐殖质含量分别提高了21.06%和31.53%，胡敏酸含量分别提高了57.48%和71.15%，聚合度分别提升97.96%和189.29%，CSP处理组的腐殖化状况和芳香度更好。斯皮尔曼相关性和结构方程模型分析显示：可溶性有机碳和碳氮比是牛粪堆肥腐殖化过程中的关键影响因素；花生壳的添加增强了腐殖质组分与光谱学参数的相关性，同时还增多了显著影响胡敏酸形成的路径，提高碳氮养分向胡敏酸转化的活跃度，从而提高堆肥产物的芳香性和腐殖化程度。研究结果可为牛粪废弃物商业化堆肥过程中的腐殖化高效定向调控提供科学依据。

关键词: 堆肥, 牛粪, 花生壳, 填充剂, 腐殖化, 芳香性

Abstract: The environmental pollution and resource waste caused by livestock and poultry breeding manure represents a significant practical problem for large-scale livestock farms. Composting is an effective way for the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure. The present research subjects were cattle manure and sawdust, which were treated with peanut shell (CSP) and without peanut shell (CS). The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of the addition of peanut shell bulk agent on the quality and performance of cattle manure compost. The results showed that the maximum temperature of compost in CS and CSP treatments reached 67.1 ℃ and 69.5 ℃, respectively, and the duration of high temperature lasted 26 days and 15 days, respectively. Compared with CS, CSP accelerated the pile temperature rise and the pile maturity and stability. The final germination index of CS and CSP reached 80.10% and 103.56%, respectively, and the organic matter degradation rate reached 11.35% and 13.25%, respectively. In addition, compared with that in the initial state, the E465/E665 in CS and CSP increased by 30.68% and 94.74%, respectively, the content of humus increased by 21.06% and 31.53%, respectively, the content of humic acid increased by 57.48% and 71.15%, respectively，the degree of polymerization increased by 97.96% and 189.29%, respectively, CSP had the better effect on promoting the humification process and aromaticity degree of compost. The results of Spearman correlation analysis and structural equation model demonstrated dissolved organic carbon and the ratio of carbon to nitrogen were key influencing factors in the humification process of cattle compost. The addition of peanut shell enhanced the correlation between humification parameters and spectral parameters. Meanwhile, it also increased the pathways that significantly affected the formation of humic acid, promoting the active conversion of carbon and nitrogen nutrients to humic acid, thus enhancing the degree of humification and aromaticity of compost products. The results provided a scientific basis for the efficient and directional regulation of humification in the commercial composting of cattle manure waste.

Key words: composting, cattle manure, peanut shell, bulk agent, humification, aromaticity

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