Abstract: The construction of “waste-free cities” requires continuous promotion of the resource utilization of urban organic solid waste. Anaerobic fermentation is one of the effective means to deal with urban organic solid waste such as kitchen waste， and bioenergy such as organic acids， hydrogen， and methane could be generated through fermentation technology， which could realize the harmlessness and recyling of kitchen waste. On the one hand， the pretreatment of kitchen waste could deconstruct the macromolecular organic matter in kitchen waste and accelerate the hydrolysis reaction； on the other hand， it could enrich the functional microflora and improve fermentation efficiency. At the present stage， the kitchen waste treatment process still had the problems of poor product economy and large waste residue production. In view of the two major challenges， hydrothermal method， biological method and emerging pretreatment technology were introduced， in order to provide reference for improving the high-value recycle effect of kitchen waste.

Key words: anaerobic fermentation, pretreatment of food waste, hydrothermal pretreatment, biological pretreatment, emerging pretreatment technologies