Abstract: With the advancement of municipal solid waste classification, the cost and greenhouse gas emissions associated with waste collection and transportation have become critical challenges. This study focused on the impact of different collection and transportation modes (direct transport and indirect transport) and vehicle types (electric and diesel) on the costs and greenhouse gas emissions in this process, aiming to provide optimization strategies and decision-making support for urban waste management and contribute to the achievement of green and low-carbon development goals. Based on field investigations and real vehicle test data, a system dynamics model was developed using Anylogic software to compare and analyze the differences in cost and greenhouse gas emissions between food waste and residual waste under different collection and transportation modes, and to evaluate the impact of type selection of collection and transportation vehicles. The results indicated that for food waste collection and transportation, the emission reduction potential of electric vehicles was significant, with emissions approximately 44.49% lower than those of diesel vehicles, albeit at a slightly higher overall cost. For residual waste collection and transportation, the direct transport mode costs reduced by 28.02%-33.02%, and GHG emissions reduced by 27.69%-28.96% compared to the transfer transport mode. In practice, shortening collection and transportation distances, optimizing the layout of transfer stations and improving transportation routes could effectively reduce energy consumption and emissions. The research findings could provide reference and methodological support for the planning and design of urban waste collection and transportation systems, as well as for vehicle selection and policy formulation.

Key words: domestic waste, collection and transportation, vehicle selection； system dynamics, cost, greenhouse gases