关键词: 垃圾填埋场, 重金属, 土壤与地下水, 健康风险评价, 污染特征

Abstract: Landfilling is one of the most widely used waste disposal methods in China, but it may have significant impacts on the surrounding environment during long-term operation, especially the potential threat posed by the migration of leachate pollutants to the surrounding groundwater and soil quality. Two typical landfills in Hunan province were selected as the research object to systematically analyze the environmental quality of the surrounding groundwater and soil, as well as the potential health risks posed by heavy metal pollution to the surrounding residents, by using the single-factor pollution index, Nemerow comprehensive index method, and health risk assessment model. The results show that arsenic is the dominant carcinogenic risk element in groundwater pollution in the two counties, with a contribution rate of 82.1%-87.9%. Soil pollution is prominent in County B, with the average single-factor index of zinc exceeding 3, indicating severe pollution. Arsenic in soil poses a significant carcinogenic risk, with a value of 1.19×10-5 in County B, and oral ingestion is the main route. The research results provide a reliable scientific basis for environmental supervision, pollution prevention and control, and ecological restoration of landfills, and are of great significance for ensuring regional environmental safety and human health.

Key words: landfill site, heavy metals, soil and groundwater, health risk assessment, pollution characteristics