不同类型生活垃圾堆场土壤重金属空间分布特征及其污染评价

doi:10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.06.005

环境卫生工程 ›› 2025, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 51-61.doi: 10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2025.06.005

• 固体废物源特征与收运系统 • 上一篇下一篇

不同类型生活垃圾堆场土壤重金属空间分布特征及其污染评价

雷春润，陈　旭，张少东，朱　浩，费勇强，王亚婷，韩智勇

1. 成都理工大学地质灾害防治与地质环境保护全国重点实验室；2.成都理工大学国家环境保护水土污染协同控制与联合修复重点实验室；3.成都理工大学生态环境学院；4.四川省核地质调查研究所；5.成都市环境保护科学研究院

出版日期:2025-12-24 发布日期:2025-12-24

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Pollution Evaluation of Heavy Metals in the Soil of Different Types of Domestic Waste Dump Sites

LEI Chunrun, CHEN Xu, ZHANG Shaodong, ZHU Hao, FEI Yongqiang, WANG Yating, HAN Zhiyong

1. State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection，Chengdu University of Technology; 2. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & Water Pollution, Chengdu University of Technology; 3. College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology; 4. Sichuan Institute of Nuclear Geological Survey; 5. Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences

Online:2025-12-24 Published:2025-12-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 重金属已造成生活垃圾填埋场不同程度的土壤污染。为了更好地调查、评价和修复填埋场土壤重金属污染，本研究以生活垃圾卫生填埋场、简易填埋场、临时堆点、垃圾中转站为研究对象，采用内梅罗污染指数法（PI）、潜在生态风险指数法（RI）、风险评价编码法（RAC）和数理统计等方法，分析了土壤重金属Fe、Mn、Pb、Cd、Cu、Hg的污染现状、赋存形态及其影响因素。结果表明：调查区域不同类型填埋堆场重金属Cd（PI=0.57~2.61）和Hg（PI=0.62~2.70）是垃圾堆场土壤中主要的重金属污染物，分别有25.0%~83.3%、33.3%~100.0%的点位超过了土壤风险筛选值。垃圾堆场土壤重金属Fe、Pb、Cd、Cu以残渣态（33%~96%）为主，Mn以铁锰氧化态(34%~65%)为主，不同类型垃圾堆场RI值介于63.83~147.85。可见，垃圾堆场类型对土壤重金属总量和形态具有显著影响，在对垃圾堆场的日常管理中，应重点关注垃圾中转站(RI=147.85)、简易填埋场(RI=147.55)、临时堆场A(RI=119.56)的污染防治。

关键词: 垃圾堆场, 重金属, 形态特征, 土壤污染评价, 空间分布

Abstract: Heavy metals have caused varying degrees of soil pollution in municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. To better investigate, assess, and remediate heavy metal pollution in landfill soils, this study took sanitary MSW landfills, simple landfills, temporary dumping sites, and waste transfer stations as research objects. Methods including the Nemerow Pollution Index method (PI), Potential Ecological Risk Index method (RI), Risk Assessment Code method (RAC), and mathematical statistics were adopted, to analyze the pollution status, speciation, and influencing factors of heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Hg) in the soils. The results showed that cadmium (Cd, PI = 0.57-2.61) and mercury (Hg, PI = 0.62-2.70) were the main heavy metal pollutants in the landfill soils, with 25.0%-83.3% and 33.3%-100.0% of the sampling sites exceeding the soil risk screening values, respectively. The heavy metals including Fe, Pb, Cd and Cu had a main form of residual state (33%-96%), and the Mn had a main form of Fe-Mn oxidation state (34%-65%)， the Risk Index (RI) values of different types of landfill sites ranged from 63.83 to 147.85. Therefore, the type of landfill site exerts a significant impact on the total content and speciation of heavy metals in soil. In the daily management of landfill sites, emphasis should be placed on the pollution prevention and control measures for MSW transfer stations (RI = 147.85), simple landfill sites (RI = 147.55), and temporary dumping site A (RI = 119.56).

Key words: waste dumps, heavy metals, form characteristics, soil contamination assessment, spatial distribution

雷春润, 陈　旭, 张少东, 朱　浩, 费勇强, 王亚婷, 韩智勇. 不同类型生活垃圾堆场土壤重金属空间分布特征及其污染评价[J]. 环境卫生工程, 2025, 33(6): 51-61.

LEI Chunrun, CHEN Xu, ZHANG Shaodong, ZHU Hao, FEI Yongqiang, WANG Yating, HAN Zhiyong. Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Pollution Evaluation of Heavy Metals in the Soil of Different Types of Domestic Waste Dump Sites[J]. Environmental Sanitation Engineering, 2025, 33(6): 51-61.

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不同类型生活垃圾堆场土壤重金属空间分布特征及其污染评价

Spatial Distribution Characteristics and Pollution Evaluation of Heavy Metals in the Soil of Different Types of Domestic Waste Dump Sites

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