环境卫生工程 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 1-8.doi: 10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2023.03.001

• 农村环境卫生治理与厕所革命 •    下一篇

我国高寒旱地区源分离尿液碱性稳定化研究

段文俊,陆 茵,孙利利,卢 军,李继云,徐康宁   

  1. 1. 北京林业大学 环境科学与工程学院 北京市水体污染源控制技术重点实验室;2. 北京国环清华环境工程设计研究院有限公司;3. 清华大学 环境学院
  • 出版日期:2023-07-03 发布日期:2023-07-03

Study on Alkaline Stabilization of Source-separated Urine in Alpine-cold and Water Shortage Area of China

DUAN Wenjun, LU Yin, SUN Lili, LU Jun, LI Jiyun, XU Kangning   

  1. 1. Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University; 2. Beijing Guohuan Tsinghua Environmental Engineering Design & Research Institute Co. Ltd.; 3. School of Environment, Tsinghua University
  • Online:2023-07-03 Published:2023-07-03

摘要: 源分离旱厕非常适用于我国高寒旱农村地区的厕所改造,然而,源分离尿液在收集和长期储存过程中易因尿素水解而造成氨氮挥发损失以及异味等问题,因此,以尿液作为液体肥施用为目标开展了我国高寒旱地区尿液碱性稳定化研究。结果表明,pH越高、温度越低,尿液中尿素水解越容易被抑制,尿液越容易长期稳定,同时尿素水解活性强时,需提高pH以强化尿素水解的抑制。与草木灰相比,Ca(OH)2和CaO更适用于尿液的长期稳定化,Ca(OH)2投加量为5.2 g/L时,尿液pH调节为11.0,可以在180 d有效实现尿液稳定化。当尿液施用量低于1.5 L/m2时,相比施用水解尿液,施用稳定化尿液带来的土壤盐碱化风险更低。

关键词: 旱厕, 源分离, 尿液, 稳定化, 氨损失

Abstract: The soil of landfill liners was derived mainly from nearby area. There was a close correlation between the antipollution capacity of liners and soil permeability. The standard consolidation experiment was carried out on the sieved soil with six particle size ranges at different depths near the typical red-layer landfill in Sichuan Province, so as to study the fundamental physical parameters and the trend of changes in saturated density and permeability coefficient. According to the experimental results, the saturated density of red-layer sieved soil(ρsat) ranged from 0.13 to 0.25 g/cm3 at the early consolidation stage (P≤800 kPa), and it was from 0.11 to 0.18 g/cm3 at the later stage (800 kPa<P<3 200 kPa), both showed a trend of logarithmical increase. Besides, there was a significant linear negative correlation between the ρsat and the void ratio e (r>0.99). The consolidation of sieved soil in the red layer was mainly concentrated in the vertical pressure range from 12.5 to 800 kPa. When the vertical pressure exceeded 800 kPa, the sieved silty clay in the red layer was applicable as the soil-protecting layer in the impervious system of landfill. Meanwhile, based on the existed seepage model(lgkv-lge), two t

Key words: latrine pit, source separation, urine, stabilization, ammonia loss

Urine source separated latrine pit is very suitable for the reconstruction of toilets in the rural areas in alpine-cold and water shortage area in China. However, urea hydrolysis in source-separated urine resulted in nitrogen loss due to ammonia volatilization and odor problems in the processes of collection and long-term storage of urine. Therefore, with the aim of using urine as liquid fertilizer, the alkaline stabilization of source-separated urine in alpine-cold and water shortage area of China was investigated. The results showed that it was easier to inhibit urea hydrolysis and stabilize urine in long-term storage at higher pH and lower temperature. At the same time, higher pH was necessary to inhibit urea hydrolysis when urea hydrolysis activity was higher. Compared with plant ash, Ca(OH)2 and CaO were more suitable for long-term stabilization of urine. When the dosage of Ca(OH)2 was 5.2 g/L, the pH of urine was adjusted to 11.0, which could effectively stabilized urine at 180 days. Compared with hydrolyzed urine, the application of stabilized urine had a lower risk of soil salinization and alkalization when the fertilizing amount of urine was lower than 1.5 L/m2.
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