关键词: 生活垃圾, 处理处置, 碳排放, 碳中和, 管理策略

Abstract: In the context of the national development strategy of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, municipal solid waste management departments need to adopt carbon emission reduction models in waste management as an entry point and act proactively. Therefore, taking Chengdu as an example, this paper calculated a total of 2 780.40 Gg of carbon emissions would be generated in the domestic waste treatment process in Chengdu in 2021 according to the measured and domestic literature parameters. The net carbon emission rate for landfilling was 794.00 kg/t, while for incineration, it was 0.934 kg/t. By calculating the carbon emissions from landfills (excluding leachate treatment) and incineration (excluding leachate,fly ash,and slag treatment), it was found that the IPCC’s theoretical calculations were 34% and 53% higher than the measured values and the literature parameters, respectively. For food waste treatment, anaerobic digestion is more suitable than aerobic composting. Under the current scenario, Chengdu’s net carbon emissions in 2021 was 784.95 Gg/a, and the net carbon emissions in 2030 and 2060 would be 457.31 Gg/a and 246.26 Gg/a, respectively. The net carbon emission rate of “zero landfill+food waste aerobic composting+rest waste incineration power generation” scheme （Scenario 1） was 113.02 kg/t in the base year (2021), and the net carbon emission rate in 2030 and 2060 would be 57.83 kg/t and 27.01 kg/t, respectively. Using the “zero landfill+anaerobic fermentation of food waste+remaining waste incineration power generation”scheme (Scenario 2),the net carbon emission rate in the base year (2021) was 111.10 kg/t, and the net carbon emission rate in 2030 and 2060 would be 49.31 kg/t and 14.73 kg/t, respectively. The net carbon emission rate of the “zero landfill+anaerobic digestion of food waste+remaining waste incineration power generation+recyclable resource rebate” scheme (Scenario 3) was -156.10 kg/t in the base year (2021), and the net carbon emission rate in 2030 and 2060 would be -256.73 kg/t and -229.08 kg/t, respectively. Carbon emissions in the process of municipal solid waste treatment can be effectively reduced and carbon neutrality achieved through source reduction, classification collection and treatment, recycling of recyclable waste, anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste, incineration power generation of municipal solid waste, zero landfilling, and landfill gas collection and utilization.

Key words: municipal solid waste, treatment and disposal, carbon emissions, carbon neutral, management strategy