环境卫生工程 ›› 2023, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 54-62.doi: 10.19841/j.cnki.hjwsgc.2023.06.009

• 有机固废生物处理与高值化利用 • 上一篇    下一篇

物理组成对厨余垃圾堆肥恶臭组成及排放特征影响

祁光霞, 刘政洋, 夏　怡, 陈思涵, 胡进会, 任连海   

  1. 1. 北京工商大学 生态环境学院,；2.北京工商大学 中国轻工业清洁生产和资源综合利用重点实验室；3.中国市政工程华北设计研究总院有限公司
  • 出版日期:2024-01-05 发布日期:2024-01-05

The Impact of Physical Composition on the Composition and Emission Characteristics of Odorous Pollutants During Food Waste Composting

QI Guangxia, LIU Zhengyang, XIA Yi, CHEN Sihan, HU Jinhui , REN Lianhai   

  1. 1. School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University; 2. Key Laboratory of Cleaner Production and Integrated Resource Utilization of China National Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University; 3. North China Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute Co. Ltd.
  • Online:2024-01-05 Published:2024-01-05

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摘要： 为向生活垃圾（MSW）源头分类的环境绩效系统评估和恶臭防治提供基础数据，基于现场调研，探究了《北京市生活垃圾管理条例》（以下简称“《条例》”）实施前后的厨余垃圾堆肥厂恶臭组成及排放特征变化。结果表明，《条例》实施前后，厨余垃圾堆肥厂各单元的恶臭相对组成及比例变化明显：含氧化合物、蛋白质源含硫化合物和植物及果蔬来源的萜烯（主要柠檬烯）释放增加，三者质量占比由《条例》实施前的48.12%~72.20%、0.25%~0.39%和1.17%~3.16%分别增长为64.22%~92.65%、0.56%~43.54%和2.35%~9.58%。含硫化合物（甲硫醚、二甲基二硫醚和二甲基三硫醚）和萜烯成为除含氧化合物以外的重要嗅味贡献物质，嗅味贡献率分别由2.43%~17.20%和0.36%~3.11%增长为20.72%~45.69%和4.11%~27.90%。含氧化合物和萜烯是主要的臭氧污染前体物（臭氧生成潜势贡献率28.96%~88.28%和7.53%~31.40%）。含氧化合物主要是醇（乙醇、正/异丙醇）、乙酸乙酯、2-丁酮和正己醛。相应地，源于塑料袋、泡沫塑料、杀虫剂等的芳香族化合物的质量占比、嗅味影响和臭氧生成潜势贡献均有不同程度下降，分别降为1.16%~12.13%、0.65%~12.64%和3.59%~57.70%，尤其一类致癌物苯的释放减少使芳香族化合物总的致癌毒性降低。综合表明《条例》实施带来了厨余垃圾堆肥厂的恶臭组成及环境生态影响的显著改变。

关键词: 生活垃圾源头分类, 厨余垃圾, 堆肥, 恶臭, 排放特征

Abstract: 　In order to provide basic data for the systematic evaluation of the environmental performance of the source separation of municipal solid waste and odor pollution control, the odor composition and emission characteristics shift of a food waste composting plant before and after the implementation of Beijing Municipal Solid Waste Management Regulation (hereinafter “Regulation”) were explored based on field investigation in this study. The results showed that, before and after the implementation of the “Regulation”, the relative composition and proportion of odorous pollutants in each sector of the food waste composting plant varied significantly. The emission of oxygenated compounds, protein-derived sulfur-containing compounds and terpenes (mainly limonene) derived from plants, fruit and vegetables increased. The mass proportion of above three kinds of odorous pollutants increased from 48.12%-72.20%, 0.25%-0.39% and 1.17%-3.16% before implementation of the “Regulation” to 64.22%-92.65%, 0.56%-43.54% and 2.35%-9.58%. Sulfur-containing compounds (methyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide) and terpenes became important odor contributing matter in addition to oxygenated compounds, and the odor contribution rates increased from 2.43%-17.20% and 0.36%-3.11% to 20.72%-45.69% and 4.11%-27.90%, respectively. Oxygenated compounds and terpenes were the main ozone pollution precursors (28.96%-88.28% and 7.53%-31.40% of ozone formation potential contribution rate). The oxygenated compounds were mainly alcohols (ethanol, n/isopropyl alcohol), ethyl acetate, 2-butanone and hexanal. Correspondingly, the mass proportion, odor impact and ozone pollution contribution of aromatic compounds, which derived from plastic bags, foam plastics, pesticides, and so on, decreased to 1.16%-12.13%, 0.65%-12.64% and 3.59%-57.70%, respectively. In particular, the emission of benzene reduced and it brought about the total carcinogenic toxicity of aromatic compounds decreased. The comprehensive results showed that the implementation of the “Regulation” had a significant effect on odor composition and its environmental and ecological impact of food waste composting plant.

Key words: source-separation of municipal solid waste, food waste, composting, odorous pollutants, emission characteristics

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