Abstract: Through the analysis of the generation and treatment of domestic garbage in Japan， the environmental protection measures of its incineration facilities and the treatment of incineration ash， it was concluded that the main treatment of domestic waste in Japan was incineration. In 2017， Japan had a total of 1 103 waste incineration facilities of various types， which had the largest number of waste incineration plant in the world. Among them， 34% of the plants were equipped with waste power generation facilities， generating 9.2×109 kWh of electricity annually. In Japan， pollution control standards of incinerators are so strict that all kinds of data are published. Moreover， the utilization of incinerated ash is also increasing gradually. Above all， the experience of domestic waste incineration in Japan can be used for reference in China. Finally， the level of waste incineration treatment should be improved， the classification of domestic waste should be continued to carry out， and investment in research and development of independent property rights of waste incineration technology should be increased.